ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2007
Efficient translation initiation directed by the 900-nucleotide-long and GC-rich 5' untranslated region of the human retrotransposon LINE-1 mRNA is strictly cap dependent rather than internal ribosome entry site mediated.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Alternative DNA Endonuclease Activity is Associated with the LINE-1 ORF2-encoded Protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The p48 isoform of the PA2G4/EBP1/ITAF45 oncoprotein is required for the encephalomyocarditis virus IRES-driven translation initiation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Internal ribosome entry sites enhance translation in trans in antisense non-coding SINEUP and circular RNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Guidelines for minimal reporting requirements, design and interpretation of experiments involving the use of eukaryotic dual gene expression reporters (MINDR).Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Review
- Different germline variants in the XPA gene are associated with severe, intermediate, or mild neurodegeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum patients.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- YY1 is a transcriptional activator of the mouse LINE-1 Tf subfamily.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Translation of HIV-1 unspliced RNA is regulated by 5' untranslated region structure.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- LINE-1 mRNA 3' end dynamics shape its biology and retrotransposition potential.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- YY1 is a transcriptional activator of mouse LINE-1 Tf subfamily.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Northern blotting of endogenous full-length human-specific LINE-1 RNA.Biology methods & protocols · 2024Article
- Expression of L1 retrotransposons in granulocytes from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus.Mobile DNA · 2023Article
- Article
- Single-domain antibody delivery using an mRNA platform protects against lethal doses of botulinum neurotoxin A.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- LINE-1 Retrotransposition Assays in Embryonic Stem Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Global 5'-UTR RNA structure regulates translation of a SERPINA1 mRNA.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- The RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 restricts L1 mobility.RNA biology · 2021Article
- The function of twister ribozyme variants in non-LTR retrotransposition in Schistosoma mansoni.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Role of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the regulation of chromatin landscapes and genome dynamics.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- L1 retrotransposons exploit RNA mNature communications · 2021Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retrotransposon L1 is a mobile genetic element of the LINE family that is extremely widespread in the mammalian genome. It encodes a dicistronic mRNA, which is exceptionally rare among eukaryotic cellular mRNAs. The extremely long and GC-rich L1 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) directs synthesis of numerous copies of RNA-binding protein ORF1p per mRNA. One could suggest that the 5'UTR of L1 mRNA contained a powerful internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element. Using transfection of cultured cells with the polyadenylated monocistronic (L1 5'UTR-Fluc) or bicistronic (Rluc-L1 5'UTR-Fluc) RNA constructs, capped or uncapped, it has been firmly established that the 5'UTR of L1 does not contain an IRES. Uncapping reduces the initiation activity of the L1 5'UTR to that of background. Moreover, the translation is inhibited by upstream AUG codons in the 5'UTR. Nevertheless, this cap-dependent initiation activity of the L1 5'UTR was unexpectedly high and resembles that of the beta-actin 5'UTR (84 nucleotides long). Strikingly, the deletion of up to 80% of the nucleotide sequence of the L1 5'UTR, with most of its stem loops, does not significantly change its translation initiation efficiency. These data can modify current ideas on mechanisms used by 40S ribosomal subunits to cope with complex 5'UTRs and call into question the conception that every long GC-rich 5'UTR working with a high efficiency has to contain an IRES. Our data also demonstrate that the ORF2 translation initiation is not directed by internal initiation, either. It is very inefficient and presumably based on a reinitiation event.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.