Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17466815›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2007

The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): new methods for more potent eHealth interventions.

Linda M Collins, Susan A Murphy, Victor Strecher

9 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 9 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 612 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
612citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01530204 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2011, after this paper: background citation

RAPID: Reducing Pain; Preventing Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PittsburghRan2011 to 2016Enrolled135ConditionsKnee OsteoarthritisArmsPhysical Therapy for knee OA, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pain CBT-P, Enhanced Treatment as Usual
NCT01814072 phase2 / phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

Opt-IN: Optimization of Remotely Delivered Intensive Lifestyle Treatment for Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorthwestern UniversityRan2013 to 2017Enrolled562ConditionsWeight LossArms12 Telephone Coaching Sessions, 24 Telephone Coaching Sessions, Report to Primary Care Physician, Text Messages, Recommendations to use meal replacements
NCT02368002 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Evaluating Options for Non-Responders: A SMART Approach to Enhancing Weight Loss

TypeinterventionalSponsorHealthPartners InstituteRan2015 to 2019Enrolled468ConditionsObesityArmsBehavioral weight loss therapy, Portion-controlled meals, Acceptance-based treatment
NCT02592590 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

A Social-Cognitive Smartphone Application for Improving Physical Activity in Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignRan2015 to 2016Enrolled118ConditionsHealth Behavior, Sedentary LifestyleArmsGroup A, Group B, Group C, Group D
NCT03403270 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Testing the Efficacy of the ENCOURAGE App in Decreasing Sedentary Behaviour: A Time Series Quasi-Experimental Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSt. Boniface HospitalRan2018 to 2019Enrolled300ConditionsPhysical Activity, Sedentary LifestyleArmsENCOURAGE App
NCT03617874 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

PC4PrEP: Integrating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Into Primary Care

TypeinterventionalSponsorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineRan2020 to 2022Enrolled22ConditionsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus TransmissionArmsPC4PrEP- Intervention Clinics, Standard of Care Clinics
NCT04830761 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Behaviour Change in Context to Contain the Spread of COVID-19

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of BernRan2021 to 2023Enrolled425ConditionsHand HygieneArmsMotivation, Habit, Social
NCT05003518 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

ParentText User Engagement and Effectiveness Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OxfordRan2022 to 2022Enrolled1,400ConditionsEngagement, Positive Parenting, Child Maltreatment, Intimate Partner ViolenceArmsParentText
NCT07637630 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Applying the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Develop and Test a Culturally-Relevant Digital Health Intervention Targeting HPV Vaccination Among U.S. Vietnamese

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorthwestern UniversityRan2026 to 2029Enrolled96ConditionsHPV-related Cancers, HPV VaccinationArmsExpert Video, Self-persuasion, Narrative Storytelling, Motivational Interviewing, Constant Component
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

612 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Enhancing Weight Loss Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Financial Incentives and Behavior Change Techniques.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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  12. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Promote Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Adherence Among Breast Cancer Survivors.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023
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  14. The Effect of a Parent Advocacy Intervention on Service Access for Autistic Youth: The Moderating Role of Baseline Advocacy Ability.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
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552 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Linda M CollinsMethodology Center and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. LMCollins@psu.edu
Susan A Murphy
Victor Strecher

Funding

THE REFINEMENT &APPLICATION OF MEDICAL DECISION MAKING IN PREVENTION SCIENCESP50DA010075 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI LANZA, STEPHANIE T · 1996 to 2014
$24.5M
Training / Career DevelopmentP50CA101451 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI STRECHER, VICTOR J · 2003 to 2012
$18.2M
Reducing Drug Abuse with Individually Tailored TreatmentK02DA015674 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MURPHY, SUSAN A · 2002 to 2006
$664k
METHODOLOGY FOR DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION RESEARCHK05DA018206 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI COLLINS, LINDA M · 2004 to 2008
$617k
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA101451NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA015674NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA15674NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA018206NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA010075NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA10075
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this article two new methods for building and evaluating eHealth interventions are described. The first is the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST). It consists of a screening phase, in which intervention components are efficiently identified for inclusion in an intervention or for rejection, based on their performance; a refining phase, in which the selected components are fine tuned and issues such as optimal levels of each component are investigated; and a confirming phase, in which the optimized intervention, consisting of the selected components delivered at optimal levels, is evaluated in a standard randomized controlled trial. The second is the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART), which is an innovative research design especially suited for building time-varying adaptive interventions. A SMART trial can be used to identify the best tailoring variables and decision rules for an adaptive intervention empirically. Both the MOST and SMART approaches use randomized experimentation to enable valid inferences. When properly implemented, these approaches will lead to the development of more potent eHealth interventions.

Indexed as

InternetHumansMedical InformaticsProgram DevelopmentProgram EvaluationUnited States

Identifiers

PMID17466815
PMCPMC2062525

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 3 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.