ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2007
Intestinal M cells: the fallible sentinels?
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Increased number of intestinal villous M cells in levamisole -pretreated weaned pigs experimentally infected with F4ac⁺ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2010Trial
- Colonic epithelial regeneration shapes susceptibility tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Teleost intestinal microfold cells: identification, characterization, and mucosal antigen sampling in olive flounder (Marine life science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- The immune anatomy of the small intestine facilitates regulatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- "Therapies Through Gut:" Targeted Drug Delivery for Non-Gastrointestinal Diseases by Oral Administration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Review
- Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins in Intestinal Tract.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Direct and indirect effects of pathogenic bacteria on the integrity of intestinal barrier.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Lysine Inhibits Hemolytic Activity ofToxins · 2022Article
- Clostridium butyricum and Its Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Homeostasis and Ameliorate Acute Experimental Colitis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Fungal Mushrooms: A Natural Compound With Therapeutic Applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Intestinal lysozyme releases Nod2 ligand(s) to promote the intestinal mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin.Science China. Life sciences · 2021Article
- The Guts of the Opioid Crisis.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract represents the largest mucosal membrane surface in the human body. The immune system in the gut is the first line of host defense against mucosal microbial pathogens and it plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Membranous or microfold cells, commonly referred to as microfold cells, are specialized epithelial cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and they play a sentinel role for the intestinal immune system by delivering luminal antigens through the follicle-associated epithelium to the underlying immune cells. M cells sample and uptake antigens at their apical membrane, encase them in vesicles to transport them to the basolateral membrane of M cells, and from there deliver antigens to the nearby lymphocytes. On the flip side, some intestinal pathogens exploit M cells as their portal of entry to invade the host and cause infections. In this article, we briefly review our current knowledge on the morphology, development, and function of M cells, with an emphasis on their dual role in the pathogenesis of gut infection and in the development of host mucosal immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.