Impact of deletion of envelope-related genes of recombinant Sendai viruses on immune responses following pulmonary gene transfer of neonatal mice.

We demonstrated previously that the additive-type recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) is highly efficient for use in pulmonary gene transfer; however, rSeV exhibits inflammatory responses. To overcome this problem, we tested newly developed non-transmissible constructs, namely, temperature-sensitive F-deleted vector, rSeV/dF (ts-rSeV/dF) and a rSeV with all the envelope-related genes deleted (rSeV/dFdMdHN), for pulmonary gene transfer in neonatal mice, by assessing their toxicity and immune responses. The gene expression in the lungs of neonatal ICR mice peaked on day 2, then gradually decreased until almost disappearing at 14 days after infection in all constructs. Loss of body weight and mortality rate, however, were dramatically improved in mice treated with SeV/dFdMdHN (mortality=0%, n=41) and ts-rSeV/dF (24.2%, n=33) compared with additive rSeV (70.7%, n=58). Although the deletion of envelope-related genes of SeV had a small impact on the production of antibody and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in both adults and neonates, a dramatic reduction was found in the events related to innate responses, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly in the case of neonates. These results indicate that pulmonary gene transfer using SeV/dFdMdHN warrants further investigation for its possible use in developing safer therapeutics for neonatal lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis.