Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17449657›Full record

ArticleEukaryotic cell2007

Cryptococcus neoformans mates on pigeon guano: implications for the realized ecological niche and globalization.

Kirsten Nielsen, Anna L De Obaldia, Joseph Heitman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Journal of medical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  9. Current Approaches in Genome Assembly of Human Fungal Pathogens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  10. The emergence of neuroinvasiveFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. A trade-off between proliferation and defense in the fungal pathogenbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. A fungal protein organizes both glycogen and cell wall glucans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  18. Biogenesis, germination, and pathogenesis ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kirsten NielsenDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Research Drive, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Anna L De Obaldia
Joseph Heitman

Funding

Tri-Institutional Molecular Mycology and Pathogenesis Training ProgramT32AI052080 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREW ALSPAUGH, JOSEPH HEITMAN · 2003 to 2026
$8.7M
Structure, function, and evolution of the Cryptococcus MAT locusR01AI050113 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 2002 to 2024
$8.5M
NIAID NIH HHS AI 50113NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050113NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI 052080NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI052080
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ecological niche that a species can occupy is determined by its resource requirements and the physical conditions necessary for survival. The niche to which an organism is most highly adapted is the realized niche, whereas the complete range of habitats that an organism can occupy represents the fundamental niche. The growth and development of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii on pigeon guano were examined to determine whether these two species occupy the same or different ecological niches. C. neoformans is a cosmopolitan pathogenic yeast that infects predominantly immunocompromised individuals, exists in two varieties (grubii [serotype A] and neoformans [serotype D]), and is commonly isolated from pigeon guano worldwide. By contrast, C. gattii often infects immunocompetent individuals and is associated with geographically restricted environments, most notably, eucalyptus trees. Pigeon guano supported the growth of both species, and a brown pigment related to melanin, a key virulence factor, was produced. C. neoformans exhibited prolific mating on pigeon guano, whereas C. gattii did not. The observations that C. neoformans completes the life cycle on pigeon guano but that C. gattii does not indicates that pigeon guano could represent the realized ecological niche for C. neoformans. Because C. gattii grows on pigeon guano but cannot sexually reproduce, pigeon guano represents a fundamental but not a realized niche for C. gattii. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that an ancestral Cryptococcus strain gained the ability to sexually reproduce in pigeon guano and then swept the globe.

Indexed as

ColumbidaeEcosystemAnimalsCryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformansEnvironmentFecesGenes, Mating Type, FungalHumansPigmentation

Identifiers

PMID17449657
PMCPMC1951517

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.