ArticleEukaryotic cell2007
Carbohydrate metabolism in the Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast: localization of three glycolytic isoenzymes, the single pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and a plastid phosphate translocator.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Is Critical for the Metabolism and Biogenesis of the Apicoplast.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring glycolytic enzymes in disease: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration, cancer and parasitic infections.Open biology · 2025Review
- The apicoplast localized isocitrate dehydrogenase is needed forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- A pyruvate transporter in the apicoplast of apicomplexan parasites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- TheeLife · 2024Article
- Lipid metabolism: the potential targets for toxoplasmosis treatment.Parasites & vectors · 2024Review
- Comparative chemical genomics inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Identification of novel biomarkers for anti-Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- TgKDAC4: A Unique Deacetylase ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Rapid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity of New Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-arene-carbohydrate Conjugates.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protein kinases on carbon metabolism: potential targets for alternative chemotherapies against toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Parasite powerhouse: A review of the Toxoplasma gondii mitochondrion.The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology · 2022Review
- Two apicoplast dwelling glycolytic enzymes provide key substrates for metabolic pathways in the apicoplast and are critical for Toxoplasma growth.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- The ferredoxin redox system - an essential electron distributing hub in the apicoplast of Apicomplexa.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Mining the Proteome ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Essential role of pyrophosphate homeostasis mediated by the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase in Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Released Parasite-Derived Kinases as Novel Targets for Antiparasitic Therapies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis in Apicomplexa and their promise as antiparasitic drug targets.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many apicomplexan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species, possess a nonphotosynthetic plastid, referred to as the apicoplast, which is essential for the parasites' viability and displays characteristics similar to those of nongreen plastids in plants. In this study, we localized several key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism of T. gondii to either the apicoplast or the cytosol by engineering parasites which express epitope-tagged fusion proteins. The cytosol contains a complete set of enzymes for glycolysis, which should enable the parasite to metabolize imported glucose into pyruvate. All the glycolytic enzymes, from phosphofructokinase up to pyruvate kinase, are present in the T. gondii genome, as duplicates and isoforms of triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase were found to localize to the apicoplast. The mRNA expression levels of all genes with glycolytic products were compared between tachyzoites and bradyzoites; however, a strict bradyzoite-specific expression pattern was observed only for enolase I. The T. gondii genome encodes a single pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was located in the apicoplast and absent in the mitochondrion, as shown by targeting of epitope-tagged fusion proteins and by immunolocalization of the native pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The exchange of metabolites between the cytosol and the apicoplast is likely to be mediated by a phosphate translocator which was localized to the apicoplast. Based on these localization studies, a model is proposed that explains the supply of the apicoplast with ATP and the reduction power, as well as the exchange of metabolites between the cytosol and the apicoplast.
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