ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2007
Gene-environment interactions in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: the Geoparkinson study.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies.Brain and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Association between the DRD2 TaqIA gene polymorphism and Parkinson disease risk: an updated meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 null genotypes and Parkinson's disease risk: evidence from an updated meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2015Pooled it
- Null genotype of GSTT1 contributes to increased Parkinson's disease risk in Caucasians: evidence from a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2014Pooled it
- SLC6A3 is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of sixteen years' studies.Neuroscience letters · 2014Pooled it
- Longitudinal assessment of the association between pesticide exposure and lifestyle with Parkinson's disease motor severity.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Including genetic susceptibility towards Parkinson's disease in NAM-based hazard and risk assessment of pesticides: a semi-systematic review.NAM journal · 2025Review
- Investigation of Paraoxonase-1 Genotype and Enzyme-Kinetic Parameters in the Context of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Contribution of the Nrf2 Pathway on Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Failure in Parkinson and Alzheimer's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The industrial solvent trichloroethylene induces LRRK2 kinase activity and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2021Article
- Parkinson's Disease in Romania: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Emerging Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes by Dietary Phytochemicals in Vascular Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Influence of intranasal exposure of MPTP in multiple doses on liver functions and transition from non-motor to motor symptoms in a rat PD model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Gut Homeostasis Influence Risk and Age-at-Onset of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Manganese activates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and propagates exosomal release of ASC in microglial cells.Science signaling · 2019Article
- Iron Concentration Does Not Differ in Blood but Tends to Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Neuroprotection of Indole-Derivative Compound NC001-8 by the Regulation of the NRF2 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Cell Models.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- Parkinson's disease: what the model systems have taught us so far.Journal of genetics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes with polymorphic genes that influence metabolism of either foreign chemical substances or dopamine and to seek evidence of gene-environment interaction effects that modify risk.
methodsA case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with PD) and 1989 controls across five European centres. Occupational hygienists estimated the average annual intensity of exposure to solvents, pesticides and metals, (iron, copper, manganese), blind to disease status. CYP2D6, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3, GSTP1, NQO1, CYP1B1, MAO-A, MAO-B, SOD 2, EPHX, DAT1, DRD2 and NAT2 were genotyped. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for key confounders.
resultsThere was a modest but significant association between MAO-A polymorphism in males and disease risk (G vs T, OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.66, adjusted). The majority of gene-environment analyses did not show significant interaction effects. There were possible interaction effects between GSTM1 null genotype and solvent exposure (which were stronger when limited to PD cases only).
conclusionsMany small studies have reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and PD. Fewer have examined gene-environment interactions. This large study was sufficiently powered to examine these aspects. GSTM1 null subjects heavily exposed to solvents appear to be at increased risk of PD. There was insufficient evidence that the other gene-environment combinations investigated modified disease risk, suggesting they contribute little to the burden of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.