ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2007
Constraints in antigen presentation severely restrict T cell recognition of the allogeneic fetus.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human labour is associated with altered regulatory T cell function and maternal immune activation.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Effector and Activated T Cells Induce Preterm Labor and Birth That Is Prevented by Treatment with Progesterone.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Is the HLA System Really Involved in Implantation, Pregnancy, or Abortion of the Fetus?: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Controversial Points.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Macrophage efferocytosis in pregnancy and pregnancy complications.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Reversing pregnancy-induced B cell sensitization to facilitate the induction of transplant tolerance in postpartum recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Maternal Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)+ CD4 T cells promote fertility and fetal tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Defining nature, responses and drivers of regulatory- and conventional CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Fetoplacental extracellular vesicles deliver conceptus-derived antigens to maternal secondary lymphoid tissues for immune recognition.JCI insight · 2025Article
- B Cell Responses to the Placenta and Fetus.Annual review of pathology · 2025Review
- Article
- Multi-Layered Mechanisms of Immunological Tolerance at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.Immune network · 2024Review
- Spatial proteomics reveals phenotypic and functional differences in T cell and macrophage subsets during villitis of unknown etiology.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Immunosequencing and Profiling of T Cells at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Women with Preterm Labor and Chronic Chorioamnionitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Reproductive outcomes after pregnancy-induced displacement of preexisting microchimeric cells.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Proteogenomic and V(D)J Analysis of Human Decidual T Cells Highlights Unique Transcriptional Programming and Clonal Distribution.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Maternal dendritic cells influence fetal allograft response following murine in-utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Endometrial Microbiota and Immune Tolerance in Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Macrophage plasticity and function in cancer and pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
How the fetus escapes rejection by the maternal immune system remains one of the major unsolved questions in transplantation immunology. Using a system to visualize both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses during pregnancy in mice, we find that maternal T cells become aware of the fetal allograft exclusively through "indirect" antigen presentation, meaning that T cell engagement requires the uptake and processing of fetal/placental antigen by maternal APCs. This reliance on a relatively minor allorecognition pathway removes a major threat to fetal survival, since it avoids engaging the large number of T cells that typically drive acute transplant rejection through their ability to directly interact with foreign MHC molecules. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells that indirectly recognize fetal/placental antigen undergo clonal deletion without priming for cytotoxic effector function and cannot induce antigen-specific fetal demise even when artificially activated. Antigen presentation commenced only at mid-gestation, in association with the endovascular invasion of placental trophoblasts and the hematogenous release of placental debris. Our results suggest that limited pathways of antigen presentation, in conjunction with tandem mechanisms of immune evasion, contribute to the unique immunological status of the fetus. The pronounced degree of T cell ignorance of the fetus also has implications for the pathophysiology of immune-mediated early pregnancy loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.