Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17442763›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2007

Measuring cognitive change in older adults: reliable change indices for the Mini-Mental State Examination.

A Hensel, M C Angermeyer, S G Riedel-Heller

Open access · greenAbstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
113citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

113 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  6. Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Pooled it
  7. Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
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  15. Homocysteine lowering and cognition in CKD: the Veterans Affairs homocysteine study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2009
    Trial
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53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

A HenselDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 20, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
M C Angermeyer
S G Riedel-Heller
Leipzig University · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn clinical and research settings, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is commonly used to measure cognitive change over time. The interpretation of changes in MMSE is often difficult. They do not necessarily result from true clinical change. Their interpretation requires comparison with normative data for change. However, MMSE change norms are lacking for long intervals.

objectiveTo examine what is a reliable change in MMSE for long follow-up periods commonly used in clinic. To provide normative data for change.

methodsA sample of 119 cognitively normal individuals, aged 75 years and over, who participated in the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA 75+). All participants were tested six times at 1.5 year intervals with the MMSE over a mean period of 7.1 years. Reliable change indices were computed for a common confidence interval (90%).

resultsIn repeated assessments with 1.5 year intervals, a change in MMSE of at least 2-4 points indicated a reliable change at the 90% confidence level.

conclusionSmall changes in MMSE can be interpreted only with great uncertainty. They have a reasonable probability of being caused by measurement error, regression to the mean or practice.

Indexed as

Neuropsychological TestsAgedCognition DisordersDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness Index

Identifiers

PMID17442763
PMCPMC2095596
OpenAlexW1974403585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.