ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique
Gender, income and immigration differences in depression in Canadian urban centres.
Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic status and depression-a systematic review.Epidemiologic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Gaps in Understanding of the Epidemiology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders among Migrant Groups in Canada: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluating screening and intervention for poverty in family practice settings in Saskatchewan in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Primary health care research & development · 2026Article
- Variations in Conduct, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Children and Youth from Immigrant, Refugee, and Non-Immigrant Backgrounds in British Columbia, Canada: A Population-Based Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Modelling Maternal Depression: An Agent-Based Model to Examine the Complex Relationship between Relative Income and Depression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Variability of the Prevalence of Depression in Function of Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors: Ecological Model.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- Health and Socio-Cultural Experiences of Refugee Women: An Integrative Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2017Review
- Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Article
- Gender Differences in the Incidence of Depression Among Immigrants and Natives in Aragón, Spain.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2017Article
- Common mental disorders in primary health care: differences between Latin American-born and Spanish-born residents in Madrid, Spain.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Article
- Different outcomes for different health measures in immigrants: evidence from a longitudinal analysis of the National Population Health Survey (1994-2006).Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2012Article
- Mental health in Ecuadorian migrants from a population-based survey: the importance of social determinants and gender roles.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2011Article
- Neural correlates of social approach and withdrawal in patients with major depression.Social neuroscience · 2011Article
- Immigration as pathogenic: a systematic review of the health of immigrants to Canada.International journal for equity in health · 2010Article
- Depression among Arabs and Jews in Israel: a population-based study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2010Article
- Contributions of immigration to depressive symptoms among pregnant women in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
- [Weight, general health and mental health: status of diverse subgroups of immigrants in Canada].Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmigrants tend to initially settle in urban centres. It is known that immigrants have lower rates of depression than the Canadian-born population, with the lowest rates among those who have arrived recently in Canada. It is established that women and low-income individuals are more likely to have depression. Given that recent immigration is a protective factor and female gender and low income are risk factors, the aim of this study was to explore a recent immigration-low income interaction by gender.
methodsThe study used 2000-01 Canadian Community Health Survey data. The sample consisted of 41,147 adults living in census metropolitan areas. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of the interaction on depression.
resultsThe prevalence of depression in urban centres was 9.17% overall, 6.82% for men and 11.44% for women. The depression rate for recent immigrants was 5.24%, 3.87% for men and 6.64% for women. The depression rate among low-income individuals was 14.52%, 10.79% for men and 17.07% for women. The lowest-rate of depression was among low-income recent immigrant males (2.21%), whereas the highest rate was among low-income non-recent immigrant females (11.05%).
conclusionsThis study supports previous findings about the effects of income, immigration and gender on depression. The findings are novel in that they suggest a differential income effect for male and female recent immigrants. These findings have implications for public health planning, immigration and settlement services and policy development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17441541PMC6976253W2155408174What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.