ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2007
Low-dose exposure and immunogenicity of transgenic maize expressing the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-dose oral immunization with lyophilized tissue of herbicide-resistant lettuce expressing hepatitis B surface antigen for prototype plant-derived vaccine tablet formulation.Journal of applied genetics · 2011Article
- Antibody responses in mice stimulated by various doses of the potato-derived major surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2010Article
- The mucosal immune response to plant-derived vaccines.Pharmaceutical research · 2010Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTransgenic maize, which produces the nontoxic B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT-B) in seed, has proven to be an effective oral immunogen in mice. Currently, there is considerable concern over accidental consumption of transgenic maize expressing LT-B by humans and domestic animals. We have yet to define nonimmunogenic levels of transgenic LT-B when ingested.
objectivesOur goal in this study was to determine the highest dose of LT-B orally administered in mice that does not result in a measurable immune response. We defined an immune response as specific serum or mucosal IgG or IgA significantly greater than background after three feedings (0.0002-20 mug) or a priming response induced by the intermittent feeding.
methodsWe fed transgenic maize pellets on days 0, 7, 21, and 49 and collected serum and fecal samples weekly. Serum was analyzed for LT-B-specific IgG and IgA, and feces was analyzed for LT-B-specific IgA.
resultsWe observed a dose-dependent anti-LT-B antibody response with high specific antibody concentrations in groups fed high doses (0.2, 2, 20 mug) of LT-B maize. Mice fed 0.02 mug LT-B demonstrated immune priming in 62.5% of the animals. Mice that were fed </= 0.002 mug LT-B showed no increase in specific antibody nor did they demonstrate immune priming, indicating that 0.002 mug LT-B was the highest nonimmunogenic dose tested.
conclusionOur results demonstrate that LT-B derived from transgenic maize is immunogenic at nanogram levels when orally administered to mice.
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