ArticleParasite immunology2007
Differential immune regulation of activated T cells between cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis as a model for pathogenesis.
Article in Parasite immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Immunotherapeutic potential of PD-1 blockade in chronic Leishmania mexicana infection through the enhancement of progenitor-like CXCR5Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytokine Networks and the Clinical Outcome of American Teg-Umentary Leishmaniasis: Unveiling Targets for Alternative Therapeutic Interventions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Senescence-related genes are associated with the immunopathology signature of American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions and may predict progression to mucosal leishmaniasis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- The cytokine/chemokine response inHeliyon · 2023Review
- Clinical and immunological spectra of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa and French Guiana.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Assessment of Immune and Clinical Response in Patients with Mucosal Leishmaniasis Treated with Pentavalent Antimony and Pentoxifylline.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Ageing impairs protective immunity and promotes susceptibility to murine visceral leishmaniasis.Parasitology · 2022Article
- Editorial: Immunology and immunopathogenesis of human leishmaniasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Multiparametric analysis of host and parasite elements in new world tegumentary leishmaniasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity without interfering in Notch signalling decreases inflammatory response in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- High Anti-Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- The Presence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species ofJournal of immunology research · 2021Article
- Dual Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.Journal of immunology research · 2021Observational
- Unravelling the unsolved paradoxes of cytokine families in host resistance and susceptibility toCytokine: X · 2020Article
- The role of senescent T cells in immunopathology.Aging cell · 2020Review
- Neutrophil properties in healthy and Leishmania infantum-naturally infected dogs.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The F1F3 Recombinant Chimera ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cutaneous (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) are characterized by a predominant type 1 immune response (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production) and strong inflammatory response in the lesions with few parasites. This exacerbated type 1 response is more evident in ML as compared to CL. Our main hypothesis is that a differential immune regulation of T cell activation leads to over reactive T cells in ML. In the present study, we investigated immunological factors that could explain the mechanisms behind it by comparing some immune regulatory mechanisms between ML and CL patients: frequency of cells expressing co-stimulatory molecules, apoptotic markers, T cell activation markers; and ability of neutralizing antibodies to IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 do down-regulate IFN-gamma production in leishmania antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Interestingly, in CL anti-IL-2 and anti-IL-15 significantly suppressed antigen-specific IFN-gamma production, while in ML only anti-IL-2 suppressed IFN-gamma production. Finally, higher frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing CD28-, CD69+ and CD62L(low) were observed in ML as compared to CL. These data indicate that an exacerbated type 1 response in ML is differentially regulated and not appropriately down modulated, with increased frequencies of activated effectors T cells, maintaining the persistent inflammatory response and tissue damage observed in ML.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.