ArticleGenome research2007
Fast-X on the Z: rapid evolution of sex-linked genes in birds.
Article in Genome research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diversity and divergence of two sympatric, sibling octopus species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Whole-genome analyses illuminate demographic history and lineage differentiation of polymorphic swallowtail butterfly Papilio bootes.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Comparative Genomics of Sex-Determination-Related Genes Reveals Shared Evolutionary Patterns Between Bivalves and Mammals, but Not Fruit Flies.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Human Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Data Supports the Hypothesis of X Chromosome Insensitivity but Is Ineffective in Testing the Dosage Compensation Model.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Chromosome-scale genome of the polyphagous pest Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) provides insights on sex chromosome evolution in Anastrepha.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Characterization and distribution of de novo mutations in the zebra finch.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Recent secondary contact, genome-wide admixture, and asymmetric introgression of neo-sex chromosomes between two Pacific island bird species.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Role-reversed polyandry is associated with faster fast-Z in shorebirds.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Gene gain and loss from the Asian corn borer W chromosome.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Evolution and expression patterns of the neo-sex chromosomes of the crested ibis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Elasmobranch genome sequencing reveals evolutionary trends of vertebrate karyotype organization.Genome research · 2023Article
- Chromosome-Aware Phylogenomics of Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvioidea) Elucidates Ancient Gene Conflict.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- 100 years of Haldane's rule.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2023Review
- Widespread genomic signatures of reproductive isolation and sex-specific selection in the Eastern Yellow Robin, Eopsaltria australis.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Avian Introgression Patterns are Consistent With Haldane's Rule.The Journal of heredity · 2022Review
- The functional genetic architecture of egg-laying and live-bearing reproduction in common lizards.Nature ecology & evolution · 2021Article
- Article
- Determinants of genome-wide distribution and evolution of uORFs in eukaryotes.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Preservation of Genetic Sex Identity in Estrogen-feminized Male Chicken Embryonic Gonads.Endocrinology · 2021Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Theoretical work predicts natural selection to be more efficient in the fixation of beneficial mutations in X-linked genes than in autosomal genes. This "fast-X effect" should be evident by an increased ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) for sex-linked genes; however, recent studies have produced mixed support for this expectation. To make an independent test of the idea of fast-X evolution, we focused on birds, which have female heterogamety (males ZZ, females ZW), where analogous arguments would predict a fast-Z effect. We aligned 2.8 Mb of orthologous protein-coding sequence of zebra finch and chicken from 172 Z-linked and 4848 autosomal genes. Zebra finch data were in the form of EST sequences from brain cDNA libraries, while chicken genes were from the draft genome sequence. The dN/dS ratio was significantly higher for Z-linked (0.110) than for all autosomal genes (0.085; P=0.002), as well as for genes linked to similarly sized autosomes 1-10 (0.0948; P=0.04). This pattern of fast-Z was evident even after we accounted for the nonrandom distribution of male-biased genes. We also examined the nature of standing variation in the chicken protein-coding regions. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphism (pN/pS) did not differ significantly between genes on the Z chromosome (0.104) and on the autosomes (0.0908). In conjunction, these results suggest that evolution proceeds more quickly on the Z chromosome, where hemizygous exposure of beneficial nondominant mutations increases the rate of fixation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.