ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2007
Increasing prevalence of hypospadias in Western Australia, 1980-2000.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paediatric penile length: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BJU international · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of hypospadias in China: A nationwide surveillance-based study, 2010-2020.Andrology · 2026Article
- Impact of data sources and ascertainment methods on reporting paediatric genetic condition prevalence: A scoping review.Health information management : journal of the Health Information Management Association of Australia · 2026Article
- Challenges in Care Provision for Children and Adolescents With Differences of Sex Development.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Trisomy 26 in a Holstein calf with disorders of sex development.Animal genetics · 2025Article
- Trends in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020: A population-based study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2023Article
- Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein for Early Postoperative Complications in Children After Hypospadias Surgery.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the pathogenesis of hypospadias; developmental and toxicological perspectives.Current research in toxicology · 2021Review
- Penile squamous cell carcinoma following childhood hypospadias repair.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Estrogen suppresses SOX9 and activates markers of female development in a human testis-derived cell line.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2020Article
- Atrazine induces penis abnormalities including hypospadias in mice.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2020Article
- Discrete Hedgehog Factor Expression and Action in the Developing Phallus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- A Proteomics Signature of Mild Hypospadias: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Exploring disease-specific methylated CpGs in human male genital abnormalities by using methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP).The Journal of reproduction and development · 2019Article
- Hypospadias Prevalence and Trends in International Birth Defect Surveillance Systems, 1980-2010.European urology · 2019Article
- Expression of Xenobiotic Biomarkers CYP1 Family in Preputial Tissue of Patients with Hypospadias and Phimosis and Its Association with DNA Methylation Level of SRD5A2 Minimal Promoter.Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2018Article
- Placental pathology and hypospadias.Pediatric research · 2017Article
- Modified PATIO repair for urethrocutaneous fistula post-hypospadias repair: operative technique and outcomes.Pediatric surgery international · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHypospadias, a common birth defect, has shown widespread variation in reported rates and temporal trends across countries over the last 30 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends of hypospadias in an Australian population.
designPopulation-based study of all male infants born in Western Australia (WA) between 1980 and 2000 diagnosed with hypospadias and notified to the WA Birth Defects Registry.
main outcome measuresPrevalence of hypospadias, birth outcome and association with other congenital anomalies, stratified by degree-of-severity.
results1788 cases of hypospadias were registered in WA in 1980-2000 with an overall prevalence of 34.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.2 to 36.4) cases per 10 000 births. The prevalence increased by 2.0% per annum (95% CI: 1.2% to 2.8%) from 27.9 in 1980 to 43.2 per 10 000 births in 2000 (p<0.001). Hypospadias was mild in 84% of cases, moderate-severe in 11% and unspecified in 5%, with the number of moderate-severe hypospadias almost doubling over time (p<0.01). There were 1465 (82%) cases of isolated hypospadias and 323 (18%) had co-existing anomalies. Infants with co-existing genital (relative risk (RR) 4.5; 95% CI: 3.3 to 6.1) or non-genital (RR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.2) anomalies were more likely to have moderate-severe hypospadias compared with isolated cases.
conclusionHypospadias affects one in 231 births and has been reported to have increased significantly over the last 20 years. Future investigation of the aetiology of hypospadias is important to identify potentially modifiable risk factors and ensure optimal male reproductive health in the future.
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