ReviewPsychopharmacology2007
Reevaluating the nicotine delivery kinetics hypothesis.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Differential effects of nicotine delivery rate on subjective drug effects, urges to smoke, heart rate and blood pressure in tobacco smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- How Intravenous Nicotine Administration in Smokers Can Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
- Nicotine reinforcement in never-smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Hooked on the nicotine addiction thesis: a response to DiFranza.Harm reduction journal · 2013Article
- Thwarting science by protecting the received wisdom on tobacco addiction from the scientific method.Harm reduction journal · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleThe view of smoking as an addiction to nicotine implies that nicotine is an addictive drug and a primary reinforcer. However, nicotine other than in tobacco does not appear to be very rewarding for smokers. This potential anomaly to the nicotine addiction thesis is resolved by the proposition that the reward associated with smoking depends on "high-nicotine boli." According to the nicotine delivery kinetics hypothesis, smoked nicotine reaches the brain in 5-10 s in high concentrations, which provide reinforcing "hits" of nicotine to the brain.
objectivesBecause of its essential role in the nicotine addiction thesis, this review set out to examine the current empirical basis of the nicotine delivery kinetics hypothesis. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe reviewed studies that bear on two questions: First, does nicotine from cigarettes reach the brain significantly faster than from other nicotine delivery devices? Second, is there a relationship between delivery kinetics and any rewarding effects of nicotine?
resultsThere is little empirical support for the nicotine delivery kinetics hypothesis. Several studies found that arterial nicotine levels associated with smoking are much lower than predicted by the nicotine delivery kinetics thesis and not higher than with other nicotine delivery devices. More importantly, comparisons of nicotine delivery devices with varying speeds of delivery do not suggest any correlation between nicotine delivery profile and subjective reward.
conclusionsThis review indicates that the wide endorsement of the nicotine delivery kinetics hypothesis is unjustified. Critical research is required to resolve the anomalies within the nicotine addiction theory of smoking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17404711What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.