ArticleInfection and immunity2007
CD4+ lymphocytes and gamma interferon predominate in local immune responses in early experimental syphilis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-10 and IL-17 as Progression Markers of Syphilis in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Benzathine Penicillin G Treatment in Adults With Early Syphilis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- An mRNA-LNP vaccine expressing TP0435 provides protective immunity in rabbits againstEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, management and prevention of anorectal sexually transmitted infections.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Treponema pallidum inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation through METAP2: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual Immunization with Lipoprotein Tp0663 and Flagellin FlaB3 Offers Augmented Protection againstACS omega · 2025Article
- IFN-γ gene polymorphisms +874 T/A and +2109 A/G are associated with the serofast state after early syphilis treatment: a prospective observational study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- The Significance of the Cell-Mediated Host Immune Response in Syphilis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The Role of Cells and Cytokines in Male Infertility Induced by Orchitis.The world journal of men's health · 2024Review
- Treponema pallidum Periplasmic and Membrane Proteins Are Recognized by Circulating and Skin CD4+ T Cells.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Immunity to Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections of the Female Genital Tract: Toward Effective Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Immunophenotypic variations in syphilis: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Syphilis vaccine: challenges, controversies and opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Dysregulation of circulating T follicular helper cell subsets and their potential role in the pathogenesis of syphilis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunization with Tp0954, an adhesin ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Fascinating Molecular and Immune Escape Mechanisms in the Treatment of STIs (Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Herpes Simplex).International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Notes on syphilis vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The clearance of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum from early syphilis lesions involves infiltration of a large number of mononuclear cells and is characteristic of a cell-mediated immune response. In the present study, we sought to determine the relative abundance of different T-lymphocyte populations and Th1/Th2-associated cytokines present in testicular lesions following experimental infection with the Chicago strain of T. pallidum. Using flow cytometry, we examined the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells present throughout the progression and resolution of primary syphilis in the rabbit model. We related these findings to the results of real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantification of treponemal and cytokine mRNA levels. Treponemal mRNA levels reached peak values on day 18 postinfection, coincident with an initial peak in the level of T cells, which were primarily CD4(+) T cells. T-cell levels increased again during resolution of orchitis, and there was an increased proportion of CD8(+) T cells. The maximum gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA levels were observed on days 11 and 18, respectively, while only negligible amounts of IL-4 and IL-2 were detected throughout the infection. In addition to showing the temporal relationship between treponemal burden and T-cell responses during lesion progression, our results also demonstrate that the composition of the T-cell population changes during lesion resolution. The presence of the mRNA for IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, is consistent with cytokine expression in human syphilis and provides further support for the hypothesis that there is a Th1 predominance during the early immune response to T. pallidum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.