ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2007
Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA-induced cell death in vitro.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Investigating Bergamot Essential Oil (BEO) Properties: Cytoprotection in Neuronal Cells Exposed to Heavy Metals and Antibacterial Activities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pentylenetetrazole preconditioning attenuates severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine in male rats: evaluation of opioid/NMDA receptors and nitric oxide pathway.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Article
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- Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Second Life ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Neuroprotective Potential of Limonene and Limonene Containing Natural Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Effects of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction,Nutrients · 2021Article
- Nono-titanium dioxide exposure during the adolescent period induces neurotoxicities in rats: Ameliorative potential of bergamot essential oil.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
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- Novel Hydroxytyrosol-Donepezil Hybrids as Potential Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agents.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Metallothionein 1 Overexpression Does Not Protect Against Mitochondrial Disease Pathology in Ndufs4 Knockout Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Effects of the autophagy modulators d-limonene and chloroquine on vimentin levels in SH-SY5Y cells.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2020Article
- Environmental and Nutritional "Stressors" and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- DNA damage and antioxidant properties of CORM-2 in normal and cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe effects of bergamot essential oil (BEO; Citrus bergamia, Risso) on excitotoxic neuronal damage was investigated in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The study was performed in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Cell viability was measured by dye exclusion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activity were measured fluorimetrically. Calpain I activity and the activation (phosphorylation) of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) were assayed by Western blotting. KEY
resultsNMDA induced concentration-dependent, receptor-mediated, death of SH-SY5Y cells, ranging from 11 to 25% (0.25-5 mM). Cell death induced by 1 mM NMDA (21%) was preceded by a significant accumulation of intracellular ROS and by a rapid activation of the calcium-activated protease calpain I. In addition, NMDA caused a rapid deactivation of Akt kinase and this preceded the detrimental activation of the downstream kinase, GSK-3beta. BEO (0.0005-0.01%) concentration dependently reduced death of SH-SY5Y cells caused by 1 mM NMDA. In addition to preventing ROS accumulation and activation of calpain, BEO (0.01%) counteracted the deactivation of Akt and the consequent activation of GSK-3beta, induced by NMDA. Results obtained by using specific fractions of BEO, suggested that monoterpene hydrocarbons were responsible for neuroprotection afforded by BEO against NMDA-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data demonstrate that BEO reduces neuronal damage caused in vitro by excitotoxic stimuli and that this neuroprotection was associated with prevention of injury-induced engagement of critical death pathways.
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