ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2007
Shiga toxin gene loss and transfer in vitro and in vivo during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 infection in humans.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic variability of Shiga toxin-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Emerging hybrid shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenicClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Centriflaken: An automated data analysis pipeline for assembly and in silico analyses of foodborne pathogens from metagenomic samples.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intestinal Carriage of Two DistinctPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- DiarrheagenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evidence for Horizontal Transmission and Recirculation of Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and detection of virulence genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from white-lipped peccaries and collared peccaries.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- In Silico Analysis of Shiga Toxin-ProducingToxins · 2024Article
- O-Antigen Diversification Masks Identification of Highly Pathogenic Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4-Like Strains.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- A preliminary study of the use of MinION sequencing to specifically detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in culture swipes containing multiple serovars of this species.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic relationship and virulence composition ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Combination of whole genome sequencing and supervised machine learning provides unambiguous identification ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Shiga-toxin encoding gene transduction from O80:H2 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on non-STEC strains.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a New Genetic Clade among Escherichia coli O26 Strains.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Review ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Review
- Prevalence and Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from the Recto-Anal Junction of Slaughter-Age Irish Sheep.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Characteristics of Bacteriophage Isolates and Expression of Shiga Toxin Genes Transferred to Non Shiga Toxin-ProducingJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Escherichia coli serogroup O26 consists of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). The former produces Shiga toxins (Stx), major determinants of EHEC pathogenicity, encoded by bacteriophages; the latter is Stx negative. We have isolated EHEC O26 from patient stools early in illness and aEPEC O26 from stools later in illness, and vice versa. Intrapatient EHEC and aEPEC isolates had quite similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, suggesting that they might have arisen by conversion between the EHEC and aEPEC pathotypes during infection. To test this hypothesis, we asked whether EHEC O26 can lose stx genes and whether aEPEC O26 can be lysogenized with Stx-encoding phages from EHEC O26 in vitro. The stx2 loss associated with the loss of Stx2-encoding phages occurred in 10% to 14% of colonies tested. Conversely, Stx2- and, to a lesser extent, Stx1-encoding bacteriophages from EHEC O26 lysogenized aEPEC O26 isolates, converting them to EHEC strains. In the lysogens and EHEC O26 donors, Stx2-converting bacteriophages integrated in yecE or wrbA. The loss and gain of Stx-converting bacteriophages diversifies PFGE patterns; this parallels findings of similar but not identical PFGE patterns in the intrapatient EHEC and aEPEC O26 isolates. EHEC O26 and aEPEC O26 thus exist as a dynamic system whose members undergo ephemeral interconversions via loss and gain of Stx-encoding phages to yield different pathotypes. The suggested occurrence of this process in the human intestine has diagnostic, clinical, epidemiological, and evolutionary implications.
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