Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17389537›Full record

Trial reportAnnals of family medicine

Practice-based referrals to a tobacco cessation quit line: assessing the impact of comparative feedback vs general reminders.

William C Wadland, Jodi Summers Holtrop, David Weismantel, Pramod K Pathak, Huda Fadel, Jeff Powell

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01615237 (Implementing Tobacco Use Treatment Guidelines in Dental Public Health Clinics), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01615237 nacompletednot on this map

Implementing Tobacco Use Treatment Guidelines in Dental Public Health Clinics

TypeinterventionalSponsorNYU Langone HealthRan2013 to 2018Enrolled3,207ConditionsTobacco Use TreatmentArmsAudit and performance feedback (PF), Financial Incentive (P4P), Current Best Practices (CBP)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Telephone counselling for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Interventions for recruiting smokers into cessation programmes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012
    Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009
    Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Barriers to Telephone Quitline Use Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015
    Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

William C WadlandDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1313, USA. wadland@msu.edu
Jodi Summers Holtrop
David Weismantel
Pramod K Pathak
Huda Fadel
Jeff Powell

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe undertook a study to assess the impact of comparative feedback vs general reminders on practice-based referrals to a tobacco cessation quit line and estimated costs for projected quit responses.

methodsWe conducted a group-randomized clinical trial comparing the impact of 6 quarterly (18 months) feedback reports (intervention) with that of general reminders (control) on practice-based clinician referrals to a quit-line service. Feedback reports were based on an Achievable Benchmark of Care approach using baseline practice, clinician, and patient survey responses, and referrals per quarter. Comparable quit responses and costs were estimated.

resultsThree hundred eight clinicians participated (171 family medicine, 88 internal medicine, 49 obstetrics-gynecology) from 87 primary care practices in Michigan. After 18 months, there were more referrals from the intervention than from the control practices (484 vs 220; P <.001). Practice facsimile (fax) referrals (84%, n = 595) exceeded telephone referrals (16%, n = 109), but telephone referrals resulted in greater likelihood of enrollment (77% telephone vs 44% fax, P <.001). The estimated number of smokers who quit based on the level of services utilized by referred smokers was 66 in the feedback and 36 in the gentle reminder practices.

conclusionProviding comparative feedback on clinician referrals to a quit-line service had a modest impact with limited increased costs.

Indexed as

FeedbackHotlinesReferral and ConsultationReminder SystemsCluster AnalysisCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleHumansMaleMichiganPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareProcess Assessment, Health CareProgram EvaluationTobacco Use Cessation

Identifiers

PMID17389537
PMCPMC1838696

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.