ReviewJournal of clinical immunology2007
Toll or toll-free adjuvant path toward the optimal vaccine development.
Review in Journal of clinical immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of prion-specific antigen: a novel approach to chronic wasting disease vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Self-Adjuvanting Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Microcrystal-Based Vaccines Induce Pyroptosis in Human and Livestock Immune Cells.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Impact of adjuvants on the biophysical and functional characteristics of HIV vaccine-elicited antibodies in humans.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Review
- Immune system response during viral Infections: Immunomodulators, cytokine storm (CS) and Immunotherapeutics in COVID-19.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2021Review
- Immunity, virus evolution, and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2021Review
- Alum as an adjuvant for nanoparticle based vaccines: A case study with a hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2019Article
- Dendritic Cell-Targeted pH-Responsive Extracellular Vesicles for Anticancer Vaccination.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- A Highly Active Form of XCL1/Lymphotactin Functions as an Effective Adjuvant to Recruit Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells for Induction of Effector and Memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Novel application of trimethyl chitosan as an adjuvant in vaccine delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
- Photochemical Internalization of Peptide Antigens Provides a Novel Strategy to Realize Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Analysis of the dose-sparing effect of adjuvanted Sabin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Adjuvants.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2016Article
- A cell-based microarray to investigate combinatorial effects of microparticle-encapsulated adjuvants on dendritic cell activation.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2016Article
- Virus-like nanostructures for tuning immune response.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Strengthened tumor antigen immune recognition by inclusion of a recombinant Eimeria antigen in therapeutic cancer vaccination.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Article
- A new TLR2 agonist promotes cross-presentation by mouse and human antigen presenting cells.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- The personal touch: strategies toward personalized vaccines and predicting immune responses to them.Expert review of vaccines · 2014Review
- Just-in-time vaccines: Biomineralized calcium phosphate core-immunogen shell nanoparticles induce long-lasting CD8(+) T cell responses in mice.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Successful vaccines contain an adjuvant component that activates the innate immune system, thereby eliciting antigen-specific immune responses. Many adjuvants appear to be ligands for toll-like receptors (TLR), which are thus promising targets for the development of novel adjuvants to elicit vaccine immunogenicity. However, recent evidence suggests that some adjuvants activate the innate immune system in a TLR-independent manner possibly through other pattern recognition receptors and signaling machinery. In particular, newly identified intracellular retinoic-acid-inducible gene (RIG)-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, or even as yet unknown recognition machinery for the adjuvant may regulate TLR-independent vaccine immunogenicity. To develop optimal vaccines, it will be critical to understand how TLR-dependent and TLR-independent innate immune activation, by various adjuvants, control the consequent adaptive immune responses to vaccine.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.