ArticleJournal of biology2007
Dosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals.
Article in Journal of biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers.
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212 citing papers in PubMed, 356 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hippocampal Gene Expression in Zebra Finches Reveals Sex- and Subregion-Specific Topographies.eNeuro · 2026Article
- The chicken retrovirus-like geneiScience · 2026Article
- Sex and breeding stage differences in neurogenomic profiles reflect hormone signaling in a socially polyandrous shorebird.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- No Evidence of Impact of Genetic Sex on Hyperthermia-Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken Embryos.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Multi-layered dosage compensation of the avian Z chromosome by increased transcriptional burst frequency and elevated translational rates.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Sharks and rays have the oldest vertebrate sex chromosome with unique sex determination mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular insights into region-specific sexual dichromatism: Comparative transcriptome analysis of red cheek pigmentation in zebra finches.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Chromatin Landscape Is Associated With Sex-Biased Expression and Drosophila-Like Dosage Compensation of the Z Chromosome in Artemia franciscana.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- An mRNA expression atlas for the duck with public RNA-seq datasets.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Multilevel Gene Expression Changes in Lineages Containing Adaptive Copy Number Variants.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Evolution and regulation of animal sex chromosomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Insights into avian molecular cytogenetics-with reptilian comparisons.Molecular cytogenetics · 2024Review
- Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of chicken and platypus sex chromosomes is balanced by post-transcriptional compensation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Multilevel gene expression changes in lineages containing adaptive copy number variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A sex-linked supergene with large effects on sperm traits has little impact on reproductive traits in female zebra finches.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Lack of Dosage Balance and Incomplete Dosage Compensation in the ZZ/ZW Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum) Revealed by De Novo Genome Assembly.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- The regulation of methylation on the Z chromosome and the identification of multiple novel Male Hyper-Methylated regions in the chicken.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn animals with heteromorphic sex chromosomes, dosage compensation of sex-chromosome genes is thought to be critical for species survival. Diverse molecular mechanisms have evolved to effectively balance the expressed dose of X-linked genes between XX and XY animals, and to balance expression of X and autosomal genes. Dosage compensation is not understood in birds, in which females (ZW) and males (ZZ) differ in the number of Z chromosomes.
resultsUsing microarray analysis, we compared the male:female ratio of expression of sets of Z-linked and autosomal genes in two bird species, zebra finch and chicken, and in two mammalian species, mouse and human. Male:female ratios of expression were significantly higher for Z genes than for autosomal genes in several finch and chicken tissues. In contrast, in mouse and human the male:female ratio of expression of X-linked genes is quite similar to that of autosomal genes, indicating effective dosage compensation even in humans, in which a significant percentage of genes escape X-inactivation.
conclusionBirds represent an unprecedented case in which genes on one sex chromosome are expressed on average at constitutively higher levels in one sex compared with the other. Sex-chromosome dosage compensation is surprisingly ineffective in birds, suggesting that some genomes can do without effective sex-specific sex-chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.