ArticleGene therapy2007
Electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmids to the lung results in reduced TLR9 signaling and inflammation.
Article in Gene therapy, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Experimental Electrical and Biological Parameters on Gene Transfer by Electroporation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Electroporation-mediated delivery of FER gene enhances innate immune response and improves survival in a murine model of pneumonia.Gene therapy · 2018Article
- Improvement in Electrotransfection of Cells Using Carbon-Based Electrodes.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2016Article
- Differential effects of toll-like receptor stimulation on mRNA-driven myogenic conversion of human and mouse fibroblasts.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2016Article
- Mapping of bionic array electric field focusing in plasmid DNA-based gene electrotransfer.Gene therapy · 2016Article
- Toll-like receptor 9 partially regulates lung inflammation induced following exposure to chicken barn air.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2016Article
- A pliable electroporation patch (ep-Patch) for efficient delivery of nucleic acid molecules into animal tissues with irregular surface shapes.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Electroporation-mediated gene delivery.Advances in genetics · 2015Article
- Cell-specific targeting strategies for electroporation-mediated gene delivery in cells and animals.The Journal of membrane biology · 2013Review
- Article
- Gene therapy for ALI/ARDS.Critical care clinics · 2011Review
- Clinical review: gene-based therapies for ALI/ARDS: where are we now?Critical care (London, England) · 2011Review
- Plasmid injection and application of electric pulses alter endogenous mRNA and protein expression in B16.F10 mouse melanomas.Cancer gene therapy · 2010Article
- Article
- Gene transfer: how can the biological barriers be overcome?The Journal of membrane biology · 2010Article
- Electrodelivery of drugs into cancer cells in the presence of poloxamer 188.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2010Article
- Therapeutic microRNA strategies in human cancer.The AAPS journal · 2009Review
- Gene electrotransfer: from biophysical mechanisms to in vivo applications : Part 2 - In vivo developments and present clinical applications.Biophysical reviews · 2009Review
- Modulation of miRNA activity in human cancer: a new paradigm for cancer gene therapy?Cancer gene therapy · 2008Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electroporation can deliver DNA efficiently and safely to tissues in live animals, including the lung where it causes little inflammation or lung injury. In contrast, cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer has been shown to induce an inflammatory response caused by unmethylated plasmid CpG residues, which activate the toll-like receptor (TLR9) signaling pathway. As TLR9 is located in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment, we hypothesized that plasmids do not activate TLR9 during electroporation because they enter the cytoplasm directly through transient pores in the plasma membrane. To test this, plasmids were transfected into kidney epithelial cells overexpressing TLR9 (HEK293-TLR9+) and cells lacking TLR9 (HEK293-TLR9-null). Interleukin (IL)-8 expression, an indicator of TLR9 activation, increased more than 10-fold at 24 h post-liposome transfection in HEK293-TLR9+ cells, but showed no significant increase in electroporated cells, compared with untransfected cells. In vivo liposome-mediated gene transfer caused increases in IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in mouse bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, whereas the levels of these cytokines were more than 10-fold lower by comparison following electroporation. Depletion of alveolar macrophages suggested that this inflammatory response is mediated by resident pulmonary epithelial cells. These results suggest that electroporation-mediated gene transfer bypasses the TLR-9 pathway, thus accounting for the low levels of inflammation seen with this approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.