ArticleInfection and immunity2007
Shigella flexneri inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic analysis and prediction of type IV secreted effector proteins by machine learning approaches.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2019Pooled it
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- Dying for a cause: The pathogenic manipulation of cell death and efferocytic pathways.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Dying in self-defence: a comparative overview of immunogenic cell death signalling in animals and plants.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Review
- Intracellular behavior ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Preparation of Nereid oligopeptide and investigation of the mechanism underlying the induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer H1299 cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2022Article
- Reprogramming of Cell Death Pathways by Bacterial Effectors as a Widespread Virulence Strategy.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- The type 3 secretion effector IpgD promotes S. flexneri dissemination.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis Is Essential for Rickettsia parkeri Infection and Replication in Vector Cells.mSystems · 2021Article
- From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
- A Brief History ofEcoSal Plus · 2018Review
- MinION Nanopore Sequencing Enables Correlation between Resistome Phenotype and Genotype of Coliform Bacteria in Municipal Sewage.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- How Shigella Utilizes Ca(2+) Jagged Edge Signals during Invasion of Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular organism that causes bacillary dysentery. The Shigella IpaB protein activates caspase 1 in macrophages, which eventually leads to apoptosis. In contrast, epithelial cells infected with Shigella undergo a stress response but do not die. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if Shigella has the ability to inhibit apoptosis in epithelial cells. A modified gentamicin protection assay was used to investigate if HeLa cells infected with S. flexneri are able to resist the induction of apoptosis following treatment with 4 microM of staurosporine. Nuclear staining and immunofluorescence revealed that infected cells remained healthy while uninfected cells appeared apoptotic. Only uninfected cells had detectable levels of activated caspase 3 upon immunofluorescence, and this was verified by Western blot analysis. Despite interfering with caspase 3 activation, Shigella-infected cells treated with staurosporine did have cytochrome c release and caspase 9 activation, indicating that Shigella protects epithelial cells from apoptosis by inhibiting caspase 3 activation. Analysis of S. flexneri mutants showed that invasion and a functional type III secretion system were required to block apoptosis. In addition, a mutant with a deletion in mxiE, which encodes a transcriptional activator for genes induced intracellularly, failed to inhibit apoptosis. Therefore, protection of epithelial cells from apoptosis by S. flexneri is regulated by one or more of the bacterial genes under the control of mxiE. We believe that S. flexneri, like other pathogens, inhibits apoptosis in epithelial cells but causes apoptosis in macrophages to ensure survival inside the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.