ArticleInfection and immunity2007
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide treatment enhances innate resistance and acquired immunity to African trypanosomes.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-4Rα signalling influences behavioural and immune responses in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice: Evidence for iloprost as a neuroprotective agent.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Surra-affected dromedary camels show reduced numbers of blood B-cells and in vitro evidence of Trypanosoma-induced B cell death.Tropical animal health and production · 2024Article
- A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of InactivatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Infections With Extracellular Trypanosomes Require Control by Efficient Innate Immune Mechanisms and Can Result in the Destruction of the Mammalian Humoral Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Establishment of a Standardized Vaccine Protocol for the Analysis of Protective Immune Responses During Experimental Trypanosome Infections in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2020Article
- Regulation of L-type Voltage Gated Calcium Channel CACNA1S in Macrophages upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.PloS one · 2015Article
- CpG-ODN Class C Mediated Immunostimulation in Rabbit Model of Trypanosoma evansi Infection.PloS one · 2015Article
- A Trypanosoma brucei kinesin heavy chain promotes parasite growth by triggering host arginase activity.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Distinct Toll-like receptor signals regulate cerebral parasite load and interferon α/β and tumor necrosis factor α-dependent T-cell infiltration in the brains of Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Phenoloxidase but not lytic activity reflects resistance against Pasteuria ramosa in Daphnia magna.Biology letters · 2011Article
- Newly identified CpG ODNs, M5-30 and M6-395, stimulate mouse immune cells to secrete TNF-alpha and enhance Th1-mediated immunity.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2010Article
- Murine J774 macrophages recognize LPS/IFN-g, non-CpG DNA or two-CpG DNA-containing sequences as immunologically distinct.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2010Article
- Prophylactic administration of bacterially derived immunomodulators improves the outcome of influenza virus infection in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Immunolocalization and challenge studies using a recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghost expressing Trypanosoma brucei Ca(2+) ATPase (TBCA2) antigen.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2009Article
- Toll-like receptor prestimulation increases phagocytosis of Escherichia coli DH5alpha and Escherichia coli K1 strains by murine microglial cells.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Toll-like receptor 9-dependent macrophage activation by Entamoeba histolytica DNA.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Relative resistance to African trypanosomiasis is based on the development of a type I cytokine response, which is partially dependent on innate immune responses generated through MyD88 and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Therefore, we asked whether enhancement of the immune response by artificial stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a TLR9 agonist, would result in enhanced protection against trypanosomes. In susceptible BALB/c mice, relative resistance to infection was significantly enhanced by CpG ODN treatment and was associated with decreased parasite burden, increased cytokine production, and elevated parasite-specific B- and T-cell responses. In relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, survival was not enhanced but early parasitemia levels were reduced 100-fold and the majority of the parasites were nondividing, short stumpy (SS) forms. CpG ODN treatment of lymphocyte-deficient C57BL/6-scid and BALB/cByJ-scid mice also enhanced survival and reduced parasitemia, indicating that innate resistance to trypanosome infection can be enhanced. In C57BL/6-scid and BALB/cByJ-scid mice, the parasites were also predominantly SS forms during the outgrowth of parasitemia. However, the effect of CpG ODN treatment on parasite morphology was not as marked in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-knockout mice, suggesting that downstream effects of IFN-gamma production may play a discrete role in parasite cell differentiation. Overall, these studies provide the first evidence that enhancement of resistance to African trypanosomes can be induced in susceptible animals in a TLR9-dependent manner and that CpG ODN treatment may influence the developmental life cycle of the parasites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.