ArticleExperimental eye research2007
Regulation of VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion by TGF-beta2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Diosgenin mitigates laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by suppressing the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β/Smad and MAPKs signaling pathways.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Water-soluble porphyrin-mediated enhanced photodynamic and chemotherapy employing doxorubicin for breast cancer.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Under Oxidative Stress: Chaperoning Autophagy and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Possibility of Using NO Modulators for Pharmacocorrection of Endothelial Dysfunction After Prenatal Hypoxia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Sulforaphane Decrease Inflammatory Oxidative Stress and Restore the Markers of Epithelial Integrity in an In Vitro Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Intravenous injection of cyclosporin A loaded lipid nanocapsules fights inflammation and immune system activation in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: An Updated Antioxidant Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A single intravenous injection of cyclosporin A-loaded lipid nanocapsules prevents retinopathy of prematurity.Science advances · 2022Article
- Article
- Triamcinolone acetonide modulates TGF‑β2‑induced angiogenic and tissue‑remodeling effects in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- The role of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases.Bone & joint research · 2021Article
- Rosiglitasone and ROCK Inhibitors Modulate Fibrogenetic Changes in TGF-β2 Treated Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts (HconF) in Different Manners.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
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- Involvement of Müller Glial Autoinduction of TGF-β in Diabetic Fibrovascular Proliferation Via Glial-Mesenchymal Transition.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Article
- The Controversial Role of TGF-β in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Kinsenoside Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced RPE Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis via Erk/p38/NF-κB/VEGF Signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- TGF-β participates choroid neovascularization through Smad2/3-VEGF/TNF-α signaling in mice with Laser-induced wet age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
VEGF secretion by the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) plays an important role in retinal and choroidal neovascularization. In this study, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression was investigated in hRPE cells. Treatment of hRPE cells with TGF-beta2 for 24 and 48h as compared to 8h resulted in markedly increased VEGF secretion by fivefold and nine-fold, respectively. Induced VEGF mRNA peaked within 3h of stimulation and remained above the basal at 36h. Stimulation of VEGF expression by TGF-beta2 was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is required. Induced VEGF production was strongly inhibited by anti-inflammatory agents, dexamethasone and cyclosporin A. Despite of the weak stimulation of VEGF expression by TNF-alpha or bFGF alone, co-administration of either of these two cytokines synergized the effect of TGF-beta2 on VEGF mRNA expression and protein production. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the synergy was predominantly at the level of VEGF transcription. Moreover, TGF-beta2-induced RPE VEGF secretion was significantly reduced by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MEK) (U0126), p38 (SB202190), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), Sp600125, protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) (Genistein), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (Ly294002). Induced VEGF expression was completely abrogated by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) (Ro318220), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) [caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)], and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [N-acetyl-cysteine (Nac) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)]. These results suggest that MEK, p38, JNK, PI3K, and NF-kappaB as well as multiple essential signaling intermediates, including PKC, PTK and ROS, are involved in hRPE VEGF up regulation by TGF-beta2.
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Registered trials
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