ArticleBMC molecular biology2007
Distinctive expression patterns of 185/333 genes in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: an unexpectedly diverse family of transcripts in response to LPS, beta-1,3-glucan, and dsRNA.
Article in BMC molecular biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple evolutionary routes to immune diversification across animals.International immunology · 2026Review
- SpEchinoidin, a C-type lectin and a member of an expanded CTL family, is up-regulated by phagocytes in sea urchins responding to immune challenge.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2026Article
- Ultrafiltration and Fluid Excretion in Echinoids Involves the Axial Organ with Elimination via the Intestine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Local Genomic Instability of theGenes · 2024Article
- Recombinant SpTransformer proteins bind to specific sites on sea urchin phagocytes and modulateFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Recombinant SpTransformer proteins are functionally diverse for binding and phagocytosis by three subtypes of sea urchin phagocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Fitness-Related Traits of Sea Urchin (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Coelomocyte populations in the sea urchin,Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Different sea urchin RAG-like genes were domesticated to carry out different functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The complex set of internal repeats in SpTransformer protein sequences result in multiple but limited alternative alignments.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea UrchinInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Sequence Diversity, Locus Structure, and Evolutionary History of theFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Individuality in the Immune Repertoire and Induced Response of the SpongeFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Changes in the proteome of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus coelomocytes in response to LPS injection into the body cavity.PloS one · 2020Article
- Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Axial Organ and the Pharynx Are Sites of Hematopoiesis in the Sea Urchin.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- SpTransformer proteins from the purple sea urchin opsonize bacteria, augment phagocytosis, and retard bacterial growth.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Recombinant Sea Urchin Immune Effector Protein, rSpTransformer-E1, Binds to Phosphatidic Acid and Deforms Membranes.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- TheFrontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA diverse set of transcripts called 185/333 is strongly expressed in sea urchins responding to immune challenge. Optimal alignments of full-length 185/333 cDNAs requires the insertion of large gaps that define 25 blocks of sequence called elements. The presence or absence of individual elements also defines a specific element pattern for each message. Individual sea urchins were challenged with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (lipopolysaccharide, beta-1,3-glucan, or double stranded RNA), and changes in the 185/333 message repertoire were followed over time.
resultsEach animal expressed a diverse set of 185/333 messages prior to challenge and a 0.96 kb message was the predominant size after challenge. Sequence analysis of the cloned messages indicated that the major element pattern expressed in immunoquiescent sea urchins was either C1 or E2.1. In contrast, most animals responding to lipopolysaccharide, beta-1,3-glucan or injury, predominantly expressed messages of the E2 pattern. In addition to the major patterns, extensive element pattern diversity was observed among the different animals before and after challenge. Nucleotide sequence diversity of the transcripts increased in response to beta-1,3-glucan, double stranded RNA and injury, whereas diversity decreased in response to LPS.
conclusionThese results illustrate that sea urchins appear to be able to differentiate among different PAMPs by inducing the transcription of different sets of 185/333 genes. Furthermore, animals may share a suite of 185/333 genes that are expressed in response to common pathogens, while also maintaining a large number of unique genes within the population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.