ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2007
Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the brain.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Association of T. gondii infection with suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Toxoplasmosis and epilepsy--systematic review and meta analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Toxoplasma gondii invasion and replication in astrocyte primary cultures and astrocytoma cell lines: systematic review of the literature.Parasitology research · 2012Pooled it
- Temporal Neuroimmune Changes During Primary and Persistent Experimental Toxoplasmic Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evolutionary remodeling of ubiquinone biosynthesis in Toxoplasma gondii reveals an essential bi-functional monooxygenase.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pathology and parasite distribution in mice challenged withParasitology · 2026Article
- Evidence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes of cognitive functions and proinflammatory cytokines across the lifespan in latentBrain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Influenza virus-like particles presentingNanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Possible association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and autism spectrum disorder.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Review
- Toxoplasma gondii infection of neurons alters the production and content of extracellular vesicles directing astrocyte phenotype and contributing to the loss of GLT-1 in the infected brain.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Knockdown of DJ-1 Exacerbates Neuron Apoptosis Induced by TgCtwh3 through the NF-κB Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Characterization of the immune response to recombinant GRA-4 protein (rGRA-4) ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Exploring similarities and differences between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in dogs.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Secrets and lies of host-microbial interactions: MHC restriction and trans-regulation of T cell trafficking conceal the role of microbial agents on the edge between health and multifactorial/complex diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Toxoplasma-induced behavior changes - is microbial dysbiosis the missing link?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect humans in 3 different ways: ingestion of tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts, or congenital infection with tachyzoites. After proliferation of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage, the parasite forms cysts preferentially in the brain and establishes a chronic infection, which is a balance between host immunity and the parasite's evasion of the immune response. A variety of brain cells, including astrocytes and neurons, can be infected. In vitro studies using non-brain cells have demonstrated profound effects of the infection on gene expression of host cells, including molecules that promote the immune response and those involved in signal transduction pathways, suggesting that similar effects could occur in infected brain cells. Interferon-gamma is the essential mediator of the immune response to control T. gondii in the brain and to maintain the latency of chronic infection. Infection also induces the production of a variety of cytokines by microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, which promote or suppress inflammatory responses. The strain (genotype) of T. gondii, genetic factors of the host, and probably the route of infection and the stage (tachyzoite, cyst, or oocyst) of the parasite initiating infection all contribute to the establishment of a balance between the host and the parasite and affect the outcome of the infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.