ArticleThe American journal of pathology2007
Orthotopic microinjection of human colon cancer cells in nude mice induces tumor foci in all clinically relevant metastatic sites.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Theranostic Potential of an NAD(P)H-Activatable Fluorophore: Assessing Cancer Aggressiveness and Triggering Apoptosis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Lead Validation of the Olive PhenolicNutrients · 2026Article
- A microscopically assisted limited colectomy mouse model of early colon cancer.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- A Novel Zebrafish Liver-Specific Metastasis Model Reveals c-Met as a Driver of Liver Tropism.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- A simple method for analyzing competitive growth of multiple cell types in xenograft tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A simple method for analyzing competitive growth of multiple cell types in xenograft tumors.PloS one · 2026Article
- Navigating liver cancer with mouse models: a comprehensive overview of HCC experimental systems.Journal of liver cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring Bacteria-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Comment on "Discovery of Intratumoral Oncolytic Bacteria Toward Targeted Anticancer Theranostics".Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Glycosaminoglycan modification of NRP1 exon 4-skipping variant drives colorectal cancer metastasis via endosomal-exosomal trafficking.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Article
- Establishing a standardized murine orthotopic intra-rectal model for the study of colorectal adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Newcastle Disease Virus Virotherapy: Unveiling Oncolytic Efficacy and Immunomodulation.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis in mouse intestinal organoids identifies genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Actin-Dependent Mechanism of Tumor Progression Induced by a Dysfunction of p53 Tumor Suppressor.Cancers · 2024Article
- Targeting FAPActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Orthotopic MC-38 Allograft as a Robust Preclinical Model of Colorectal Carcinoma.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite metastasis as an important cause of death in colorectal cancer patients, current animal models of this disease are scarcely metastatic. We evaluated whether direct orthotopic cell microinjection, between the mucosa and the muscularis layers of the cecal wall of nude mice, drives tumor foci to the most relevant metastatic sites observed in humans and/or improves its yield as compared with previous methods. We injected eight animals each tested human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116, SW-620, and DLD-1), using a especially designed micropipette under binocular guidance, and evaluated the take rate, local growth, pattern and rate of dissemination, and survival time. Take rates were in the 75 to 88% range. Tumors showed varying degrees of mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphatic foci (57 to 100%), hematogenous dissemination to liver (29 to 67%) and lung (29 to 100%), and peritoneal carcinomatosis (29 to 100%). Tumor staging closely correlated with animal survival. Therefore, the orthotopic cell microinjection procedure induces tumor foci in the most clinically relevant metastatic sites: colon-draining lymphatics, liver, lung, and peritoneum. The replication of the clinical pattern of dissemination makes it a good model for advanced colorectal cancer. Moreover, this procedure also enhances the rates of hematogenous and lymphatic dissemination at relevant sites, as compared with previously described methods that only partially reproduce this pattern.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.