ReviewThe American journal of pathology2007
Murine models to evaluate novel and conventional therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Review in The American journal of pathology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 469 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In-situ-formed TCM-inspired dual-function nanocomposite hydrogel for intraoperative hemostasis and postoperative recurrence prevention in hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
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- Burrowing Behavior as Robust Parameter for Early Humane Endpoint Determination in Murine Models for Pancreatic Cancer.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study on Qualitative Metabolomics to Characterize Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Novel Rat Model to Simulate Positive Margins in the Wound Bed of a Resected Sarcoma.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
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- Orthotopic and metastatic tumour models in preclinical cancer research.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Detection of Treatment Response in Triple-Negative Breast Tumors to Paclitaxel Using MRI Cell Size Imaging.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2024Article
- Treatment with novel topoisomerase inhibitors in Ewing sarcoma models reveals heterogeneity of tumor response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Delivery of mRNA with Histidine-Lysine Peptides.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Mouse Melanoma Model in Tumor Vaccines and Immunotherapy Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (AOM/DSS) Model of Colorectal Cancer.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- A murine model to evaluate immunotherapy effectiveness for human Fanconi anemia-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluation of pain related behaviors and disease related outcomes in an immunocompetent mouse model of prostate cancer induced bone pain.Journal of bone oncology · 2023Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal models, by definition, are an approximation of reality, and their use in developing anti-cancer drugs is controversial. Positive retrospective clinical correlations have been identified with several animal models, in addition to limitations and a need for improvement. Model inadequacies include experimental designs that do not incorporate biological concepts, drug pharmacology, or toxicity. Ascites models have been found to identify drugs active against rapidly dividing tumors; however, neither ascitic nor transplantable subcutaneous tumors are predictive of activity for solid tumors. In contrast, primary human tumor xenografts have identified responsive tumor histiotypes if relevant pharmacodynamic and toxicological parameters were considered. Murine toxicology studies are also fundamental because they identify safe starting doses for phase I protocols. We recommend that future studies incorporate orthotopic and spontaneous metastasis models (syngeneic and xenogenic) because they incorporate microenvironmental interactions, in addition to confirmatory autochthonous models and/or genetically engineered models, for molecular therapeutics. Collectively, murine models are critical in drug development, but require a rational and hierarchical approach beginning with toxicology and pharmacology studies, progressing to human primary tumors to identify therapeutic targets and models of metastatic disease from resected orthotopic, primary tumors to compare drugs using rigorous, clinically relevant outcome parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.