ArticleNucleic acids research2007
Interactions of Kid-Kis toxin-antitoxin complexes with the parD operator-promoter region of plasmid R1 are piloted by the Kis antitoxin and tuned by the stoichiometry of Kid-Kis oligomers.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A delivered DNase toxin creates population heterogeneity through transient intoxication of siblings.mBio · 2025Article
- Antitoxin control of optimal transcriptional repression in the atypical HigB-HigA toxin-antitoxin system from Proteus vulgaris.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Decoding the TAome and computational insights into parDE toxin-antitoxin systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules: classification, functions, and association with persistence.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- Recognition of Streptococcal Promoters by the Pneumococcal SigA Protein.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Regulation of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: The Translation-Responsive Model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- A dual role in regulation and toxicity for the disordered N-terminus of the toxin GraT.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The molecular basis of protein toxin HicA-dependent binding of the protein antitoxin HicB to DNA.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Functional insights into the Streptococcus pneumoniae HicBA toxin-antitoxin system based on a structural study.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Crystallization and X-ray analysis of all of the players in the autoregulation of the ataRT toxin-antitoxin system.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2018Article
- Functional details of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis VapBC26 toxin-antitoxin system based on a structural study: insights into unique binding and antibiotic peptides.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Molecular mechanism governing ratio-dependent transcription regulation in the ccdAB operon.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- An intrinsically disordered entropic switch determines allostery in Phd-Doc regulation.Nature chemical biology · 2016Article
- Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial growth arrest and persistence.Nature chemical biology · 2016Review
- Keeping the Wolves at Bay: Antitoxins of Prokaryotic Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2016Review
- Unrelated toxin-antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2015Article
- One cannot rule them all: Are bacterial toxins-antitoxins druggable?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Article
- Escherichia coli antitoxin MazE as transcription factor: insights into MazE-DNA binding.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Regulating toxin-antitoxin expression: controlled detonation of intracellular molecular timebombs.Toxins · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The parD operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R1 encodes a toxin-antitoxin system, which is involved in plasmid stabilization. The toxin Kid inhibits cell growth by RNA degradation and its action is neutralized by the formation of a tight complex with the antitoxin Kis. A fascinating but poorly understood aspect of the kid-kis system is its autoregulation at the transcriptional level. Using macromolecular (tandem) mass spectrometry and DNA binding assays, we here demonstrate that Kis pilots the interaction of the Kid-Kis complex in the parD regulatory region and that two discrete Kis-binding regions are present on parD. The data clearly show that only when the Kis concentration equals or exceeds the Kid concentration a strong cooperative effect exists between strong DNA binding and Kid2-Kis2-Kid2-Kis2 complex formation. We propose a model in which transcriptional repression of the parD operon is tuned by the relative molar ratio of the antitoxin and toxin proteins in solution. When the concentration of the toxin exceeds that of the antitoxin tight Kid2-Kis2-Kid2 complexes are formed, which only neutralize the lethal activity of Kid. Upon increasing the Kis concentration, (Kid2-Kis2)n complexes repress the kid-kis operon.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.