ArticlePloS one2007
Sequential broadening of CTL responses in early HIV-1 infection is associated with viral escape.
Article in PloS one, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed Expression of PD-1 and TIGIT on HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells in Untreated HLA-B*57:01 Individuals Followed from Early Infection.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- Functional avidity and IL-2/perforin production is linked to the emergence of mutations within HLA-B*5701-restricted epitopes and HIV-1 disease progression.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Antiviral capacity of the early CD8 T-cell response is predictive of natural control of SIV infection: Learning in vivo dynamics using ex vivo data.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Evolutionary implications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for the future design of vaccination strategies.Communications medicine · 2023Review
- No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1Vaccines · 2023Article
- Adaptation to HLA-associated immune pressure over the course of HIV infection and in circulating HIV-1 strains.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Functional Profile of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- HIV-1 p24Gag adaptation to modern and archaic HLA-allele frequency differences in ethnic groups contributes to viral subtype diversification.Virus evolution · 2020Article
- Impact of Suboptimal APOBEC3G Neutralization on the Emergence of HIV Drug Resistance in Humanized Mice.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Non-synonymous Substitutions in HIV-1 GAG Are Frequent in Epitopes Outside the Functionally Conserved Regions and Associated With Subtype Differences.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Antigen processing and presentation in HIV infection.Molecular immunology · 2019Review
- Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- HIV-1-Specific CD8 T Cells Exhibit Limited Cross-Reactivity during Acute Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- The route of HIV escape from immune response targeting multiple sites is determined by the cost-benefit tradeoff of escape mutations.PLoS computational biology · 2014Article
- Review
- Positioning of APOBEC3G/F mutational hotspots in the human immunodeficiency virus genome favors reduced recognition by CD8+ T cells.PloS one · 2014Article
- Newly Exerted T Cell Pressures on Mutated Epitopes following Transmission Help Maintain Consensus HIV-1 Sequences.PloS one · 2014Article
- Targeting of conserved gag-epitopes in early HIV infection is associated with lower plasma viral load and slower CD4(+) T cell depletion.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- A counting renaissance: combining stochastic mapping and empirical Bayes to quickly detect amino acid sites under positive selection.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2012Article
- Combination of immune and viral factors distinguishes low-risk versus high-risk HIV-1 disease progression in HLA-B*5701 subjects.Journal of virology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntigen-specific CTL responses are thought to play a central role in containment of HIV-1 infection, but no consistent correlation has been found between the magnitude and/or breadth of response and viral load changes during disease progression. METHODS AND
findingsWe undertook a detailed investigation of longitudinal CTL responses and HIV-1 evolution beginning with primary infection in 11 untreated HLA-A2 positive individuals. A subset of patients developed broad responses, which selected for consensus B epitope variants in Gag, Pol, and Nef, suggesting CTL-induced adaptation of HIV-1 at the population level. The patients who developed viral escape mutations and broad autologous CTL responses over time had a significantly higher increase in viral load during the first year of infection compared to those who did not develop viral escape mutations.
conclusionsA continuous dynamic development of CTL responses was associated with viral escape from temporarily effective immune responses. Our results suggest that broad CTL responses often represent footprints left by viral CTL escape rather than effective immune control, and help explain earlier findings that fail to show an association between breadth of CTL responses and viral load. Our results also demonstrate that CTL pressures help to maintain certain elements of consensus viral sequence, which likely represent viral escape from common HLA-restricted CTL responses. The ability of HIV to evolve to escape CTL responses restricted by a common HLA type highlights the challenges posed to development of an effective CTL-based vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.