ArticleInfection and immunity2007
Broad up-regulation of innate defense factors during acute cholera.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-22 promotes genesis of small intestinal secretory cells that protect against cholera in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- IL-22 promotes genesis of small intestinal secretory cells that protect against cholera in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- GDF15 as a sentinel of metabolic integrity: a narrative review of stress signaling, multisystem pathophysiology, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Gut bacteria-derived sphingolipids alter innate immune responses to oral cholera vaccine antigens.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae.Cell · 2023Article
- Review
- Neutrophil-Associated Responses to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- EnterotoxigenicInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- Systemic, Mucosal, and Memory Immune Responses following Cholera.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Review
- Gut Microbiota and Development of Vibrio cholerae-Specific Long-Term Memory B Cells in Adults after Whole-Cell Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- CXCL17 Is a Specific Diagnostic Biomarker for Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) That Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- GDF15: A Hormone Conveying Somatic Distress to the Brain.Endocrine reviews · 2020Review
- The protective and pathogenic roles of CXCL17 in human health and disease: Potential in respiratory medicine.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2020Review
- Bacteria That Cause Enteric Diseases Stimulate Distinct Humoral Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Review
- A locus at 7p14.3 predisposes to refractory celiac disease progression from celiac disease.European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Article
- Analysis of the Human Mucosal Response to Cholera Reveals Sustained Activation of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in three genetic lines of rainbow trout in response to infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We used a whole-genome microarray screening system (Affymetrix human GeneChips covering 47,000 different transcripts) to examine the gene expression in duodenal mucosa during acute cholera. Biopsies were taken from the duodenal mucosa of seven cholera patients 2 and 30 days after the onset of diarrhea, and the gene expression patterns in the acute- and convalescent-phase samples were compared pairwise. Of about 21,000 transcripts expressed in the intestinal epithelium, 29 were defined as transcripts that were up-regulated and 33 were defined as transcripts that were down-regulated during acute cholera. The majority of the up-regulated genes characterized were found to have an established or possible role in the innate defense against infections; these genes included the LPLUNC1, LF, VCC1, TCN1, CD55, SERPINA3, MMP1, MMP3, IL1B, LCN2, SOCS3, GDF15, SLPI, CXCL13, and MUC1 genes. The results of confirmative PCR correlated well with the microarray data. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of lactoferrin in lamina propria cells and increased expression of CD55 in epithelial cells, whereas increased expression of the SERPINA3 protein (alpha1-antichymotrypsin) was detected in both lamina propria and epithelial cells during acute cholera. The expression pattern of CD55 and SERPINA3 in cholera toxin (CT)-stimulated Caco-2 cells was the same as the pattern found in the intestinal mucosa during acute cholera, indicating that the activation of the CD55 and SERPINA3 genes in intestinal epithelium was induced by CT. In conclusion, during acute cholera infection, innate defense mechanisms are switched on to an extent not described previously. Both direct effects of CT on the epithelial cells and changes in the lamina propria cells contribute to this up-regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.