ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2007
Evolution of graded refractive index in squid lenses.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contributions of aquatic organisms to understanding the vertebrate ocular lens.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of the structure and crystallin composition of the lenses of freshwater fish and gastropods with respect to their vision.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2025Article
- Membrane structures and functional correlates in the bi-segmented eye lens of the cephalopod.Biology open · 2024Article
- Genome and transcriptome mechanisms driving cephalopod evolution.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Krüppel-like factor/specificity protein evolution in the Spiralia and the implications for cephalopod visual system novelties.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Evolution and development of complex eyes: a celebration of diversity.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2020Review
- The Pupillary Response of the Common Octopus (Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- The Eye of the Common Octopus (Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- The Proof Is in theACS central science · 2018Article
- A Complex Lens for a Complex Eye.Integrative and comparative biology · 2017Article
- Eye patches: Protein assembly of index-gradient squid lenses.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Patchy proteins form a perfect lens.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- The cuticular nature of corneal lenses in Drosophila melanogaster.Development genes and evolution · 2017Article
- Structure of a Highly Active Cephalopod S-crystallin Mutant: New Molecular Evidence for Evolution from an Active Enzyme into Lens-Refractive Protein.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Molecular Evidence for Convergence and Parallelism in Evolution of Complex Brains of Cephalopod Molluscs: Insights from Visual Systems.Integrative and comparative biology · 2015Article
- A highly distributed Bragg stack with unique geometry provides effective camouflage for Loliginid squid eyes.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2011Article
- The molecular refractive function of lens γ-Crystallins.Journal of molecular biology · 2011Article
- The transition from stiff to compliant materials in squid beaks.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A lens with a graded refractive index is required for vision in aquatic animals with camera-type eyes. This optical design entails a radial gradient of protein density, with low density in external layers and high density in internal layers. To maintain the optical stability of the eye, different material properties are required for proteins in different regions of the lens. In low-density regions of the lens where slight protein aggregation causes significant light scattering, aggregation must be minimized. Squid lens S-crystallin proteins are evolutionarily derived from the glutathione S-transferase protein family. We used biochemistry, optical modelling and phylogenetics to study the evolution and material properties of S-crystallins. S-crystallins are differentially expressed in a radial gradient, suggesting a role in refractive index. This gradient in S-crystallin expression is correlated with their evolutionary history and biochemistry. S-crystallins have been under positive selection. This selection appears to have resulted in stabilization of derived S-crystallins via mutations in the dimer interface and extended electrostatic fields. These derived S-crystallins probably cause the glassy organization and stability of low refractive index lens layers. Our work elucidates the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the production and maintenance of camera-like optics in squid lenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.