ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium affects fast axonal transport by activation of caspase and protein kinase C.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Aggregated Alpha Synuclein on Synaptic and Axonal Proteins in Parkinson's Disease-A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- SNPs in SNCA, MCCC1, DLG2, GBF1 and MBNL2 are associated with Parkinson's disease in southern Chinese population.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Protein Kinase C-delta (PKCδ) in Neurodegeneration and Cerebral Ischemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Expression of Axonal Transport Proteins in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Substantia Nigra in Mouse Models of Preclinical and Clinical Stages of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Axonal Transport Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Neurotoxin, Genetic, and Sporadic Models.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Doxycycline inhibits dopaminergic neurodegeneration through upregulation of axonal and synaptic proteins.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Homozygous mutation of the LRRK2 ROC domain as a novel genetic model of parkinsonism.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Article
- Article
- Dopaminergic Axons: Key Recitalists in Parkinson's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Cellular and Viral Determinants of HSV-1 Entry and Intracellular Transport towards Nucleus of Infected Cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Engagement of Neurotropic Viruses in Fast Axonal Transport: Mechanisms, Potential Role of Host Kinases and Implications for Neuronal Dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Intracellular and Intercellular Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Progressively disrupted somatodendritic morphology in dopamine neurons in a mouse Parkinson's model.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2018Article
- Alpha Lipoamide Ameliorates Motor Deficits and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Parkinson's Disease Model Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine.Neurotoxicity research · 2018Article
- MPTP Mouse Model of Preclinical and Clinical Parkinson's Disease as an Instrument for Translational Medicine.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Dopamine Synthesis as a Mechanism of Brain Plasticity in Nigrostriatal System Pathology.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2018Article
- Regulation of motor proteins, axonal transport deficits and adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases.Neurobiology of disease · 2017Review
- Prion protein inhibits fast axonal transport through a mechanism involving casein kinase 2.PloS one · 2017Article
- HIV Glycoprotein Gp120 Impairs Fast Axonal Transport by Activating Tak1 Signaling Pathways.ASN neuro · 2016Article
- Live imaging of mitochondrial dynamics in CNS dopaminergic neurons in vivo demonstrates early reversal of mitochondrial transport following MPP(+) exposure.Neurobiology of disease · 2016Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a late-onset condition characterized by dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, has both sporadic and neurotoxic forms. Neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induce PD symptoms and recapitulate major pathological hallmarks of PD in human and animal models. Both sporadic and MPP+-induced forms of PD proceed through a "dying-back" pattern of neuronal degeneration in affected neurons, characterized by early loss of synaptic terminals and axonopathy. However, axonal and synaptic-specific effects of MPP+ are poorly understood. Using isolated squid axoplasm, we show that MPP+ produces significant alterations in fast axonal transport (FAT) through activation of a caspase and a previously undescribed protein kinase C (PKCdelta) isoform. Specifically, MPP+ increased cytoplasmic dynein-dependent retrograde FAT and reduced kinesin-1-mediated anterograde FAT. Significantly, MPP+ effects were independent of both nuclear activities and ATP production. Consistent with its effects on FAT, MPP+ injection in presynaptic domains led to a dramatic reduction in the number of membranous profiles. Changes in availability of synaptic and neurotrophin-signaling components represent axonal and synaptic-specific effects of MPP+ that would produce a dying-back pathology. Our results identify a critical neuronal process affected by MPP+ and suggest that alterations in vesicle trafficking represent a primary event in PD pathogenesis. We propose that PD and other neurodegenerative diseases exhibiting dying-back neuropathology represent a previously undescribed category of neurological diseases characterized by dysfunction of vesicle transport and associated with the loss of synaptic function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.