ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2007
Conventional T-bet(+)Foxp3(-) Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 295 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
295 citing papers in PubMed, 588 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Coadministered Ruxolitinib and Artemether-Lumefantrine in Healthy Adults.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- Exposure-dependent control of malaria-induced inflammation in children.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- IFNγ/IL-10 co-producing cells dominate the CD4 response to malaria in highly exposed children.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- CXCR6+ CD127- Tr1 cells balance immunity and persistence in Plasmodium falciparum infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Phase-specific polarization of peripheral helper T cells influences immunopathology and viral control in HBV infection.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- T-bet-expressing Tr1 cells driven by dietary signals dominate the small intestinal immune landscape.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- CXCR6bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Possible link betweenAfrican health sciences · 2025Article
- Kurarinone ameliorates intestinal mucosal inflammation via regulating T cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of immunoglobulin E in non-atopic disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in the Tumor Microenvironment: Their Molecular Mechanisms and Bidirectional Effects on Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Activation and Regulation of Indirect Alloresponses in Transplanted Patients With Donor Specific Antibodies and Chronic Rejection.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Siglec-FTheranostics · 2024Article
- The role of CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- A molecular signature for IL-10-producing Th1 cells in protozoan parasitic diseases.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen or its encapsulated niosomes form immunomodulates adjuvant-induced arthritis through JAK3 downregulation.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Dynamic RNA profiles in the small intestinal epithelia of cats after Toxoplasma gondii infection.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Inhibitory IL-10-producing CD4eLife · 2023Article
235 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion is essential for control of most intracellular pathogens, host survival often also depends on the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine known to counteract IFN-gamma effector functions. We analyzed the source of regulatory IL-10 in mice infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Unexpectedly, IFN-gamma-secreting T-bet(+)Foxp3(-) T helper type 1 (Th1) cells were found to be the major producers of IL-10 in these animals. Further analysis revealed that the same IL-10(+)IFN-gamma(gamma) population displayed potent effector function against the parasite while, paradoxically, also inducing profound suppression of IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells. Although at any given time point only a fraction of the cells appeared to simultaneously produce IL-10 and IFN-gamma, IL-10 production could be stimulated in IL-10(-)IFN-gamma(+) cells by further activation in vitro. In addition, experiments with T. gondii-specific IL-10(+)IFN-gamma(+) CD4 clones revealed that although IFN-gamma expression is imprinted and triggered with similar kinetics regardless of the state of Th1 cell activation, IL-10 secretion is induced more rapidly from recently activated than from resting cells. These findings indicate that IL-10 production by CD4(+) T lymphocytes need not involve a distinct regulatory Th cell subset but can be generated in Th1 cells as part of the effector response to intracellular pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.