ArticleAnnals of family medicine
Validation of a 4-item score predicting hip fracture and mortality risk among elderly women.
Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of predictive tools to identify individuals at risk of non-traumatic fracture: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Fracture risk in long term care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.BMC geriatrics · 2014Pooled it
- Reduced Risk of Recurrent Fragility Fractures After a Primary Care-Based Fracture Prevention Intervention: A 20-Year Non-Randomized Controlled Follow-Up Study in Women Aged 70-100.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Osteoporosis and fracture risk are multifactorial in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Prediction Models for Osteoporotic Fractures Risk: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.Aging and disease · 2022Review
- Computer-aided diagnosis systems for osteoporosis detection: a comprehensive survey.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2020Review
- [The measurement and clinical significance of the rotation angles of head-neck fragments after cephalomedullary nail fixation in intertrochanteric fractures].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2019Article
- Coherence and reliability of a wearable inertial measurement unit for measuring postural sway.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Functional risk for fracture by safe functional motion testing: a short version of the safe functional motion test.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2019Article
- Assessment of Hip Fracture Risk Using Cross-Section Strain Energy Determined by QCT-Based Finite Element Modeling.BioMed research international · 2015Article
- The Elders Risk Assessment Index, an electronic administrative database-derived frailty index, can identify risk of hip fracture in a cohort of community-dwelling adults.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2012Article
- Treatment with fall-risk-increasing and fracture-preventing drugs before and after a hip fracture: an observational study.Drugs & aging · 2010Article
- Hip and fragility fracture prediction by 4-item clinical risk score and mobile heel BMD: a women cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeOne in 4 Swedish women experiences a hip fracture, an event that has high concomitant morbidity and mortality. We developed and validated a clinical predictor of fracture and mortality risk, the Fracture and Mortality (FRAMO) Index.
methodsThis was a population-based prospective cohort study with a baseline questionnaire and 2-year outcomes of hip fracture, fragility fracture, and death. The questionnaire was sent to 1,498 women aged 70 years or older in 3 rural populations, asking them about their age, weight, height, mobility, previous fractures, smoking, medication use, and housing. Some women were also asked about previous vertebral radiographs. We defined 2 risk models before outcome data collection and subsequently renamed 1 model (age =80 years, weight <60 kg, previous fragility fracture, and the need to use arms to rise from the sitting position) the FRAMO Index. We used logistic regression analysis to study the association between the FRAMO Index and outcomes in all participants.
resultsThe participation rate was 83% in this elderly female population (N = 1,248). The 63% of women with 0 to 1 risk factor had a 2-year hip fracture risk of 0.8% and mortality risk of 3.2%. In contrast, women with 2 to 4 risk factors had a 2-year hip fracture risk of 5.4% (odds ratio = 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-18.4) and mortality risk of 23.7% (odds ratio = 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-14.9). These differences remained significant after adjustment for age as a continuous variable. Mortality increased with the number of risk factors. The proportion of women reporting previous vertebral fractures was higher among the group specifically questioned about vertebral radiographs (P <.001).
conclusionsThe FRAMO Index identified the majority of women who experienced hip fractures during a 2-year follow-up, who might have been candidates for intensified preventive measures. The FRAMO Index, based on 4 binary risk factors, would be practical for routine use in primary care.
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