ArticleThe Plant cell2007
empty pericarp4 encodes a mitochondrion-targeted pentatricopeptide repeat protein necessary for seed development and plant growth in maize.
Article in The Plant cell, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in crops: Advances in functional mechanisms and breeding applications.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Review
- Integrated physiological and transcriptomic measurements reveal changes in the accumulation and partitioning of storage reserves after prevention of pollination in maize.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Mapping-by-Sequencing via eBSRmap (Easy Bulk Segregate RNA Mapping) in a B73 EMS Mutant Population.Genes · 2025Article
- Article
- Maize unstable factor for orange1 encodes a nuclear protein that affects redox accumulation during kernel development.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Mutations in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial ribosome proteins restore pollen fertility in S male-sterile maize.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Relevance and regulation of alternative splicing in plant secondary metabolism: current understanding and future directions.Horticulture research · 2024Review
- Molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight and their biotechnological breeding applications in maize and other cereal crops.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Unraveling Prevalence and Effects of Deleterious Mutations in Maize Elite Lines across Decades of Modern Breeding.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Genetic Localization and Homologous Genes Mining for Barley Grain Size.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Systemic Investigation of Genetic Architecture and Gene Resources Controlling Kernel Size-Related Traits in Maize.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Roles of theFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- The Italian Research on the Molecular Characterization of Maize Kernel Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Genome-wide association studies dissect the genetic architecture of seed shape and size in common bean.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Fine mapping ofBreeding science · 2022Article
- Genetic Architecture of Grain Yield-Related Traits in Sorghum and Maize.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Fine mapping of a kernel length-related gene with potential value for maize breeding.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2021Article
- EMP32 is required for theRNA biology · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family represents one of the largest gene families in plants, with >440 members annotated in Arabidopsis thaliana. PPR proteins are thought to have a major role in the regulation of posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Recent studies have shown that Arabidopsis PPR proteins play an essential, nonredundant role during embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in empty pericarp4 (emp4), a maize (Zea mays) PPR-encoding gene, confer a seed-lethal phenotype. Mutant endosperms are severely impaired, with highly irregular differentiation of transfer cells in the nutrient-importing basal endosperm. Analysis of homozygous mutant plants generated from embryo-rescue experiments indicated that emp4 also affects general plant growth. The emp4-1 mutation was identified in an active Mutator (Mu) population, and cosegregation analysis revealed that it arose from a Mu3 element insertion. Evidence of emp4 molecular cloning was provided by the isolation of four additional emp4 alleles obtained by a reverse genetics approach. emp4 encodes a novel type of PPR protein of 614 amino acids. EMP4 contains nine 35-amino acid PPR motifs and an N-terminal mitochondrion-targeted sequence peptide, which was confirmed by a translational EMP4-green fluorescent protein fusion that localized to mitochondria. Molecular analyses further suggest that EMP4 is necessary to regulate the correct expression of a small subset of mitochondrial transcripts in the endosperm.
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