ArticleJournal of virology2007
Virus-like particle vaccine induces protective immunity against homologous and heterologous strains of influenza virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: A systematic review of virus-like particles of coronavirus: Assembly, generation, chimerism and their application in basic research and in the clinic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Antigen Delivery: Advancing Immunization Strategies against Infectious Pathogens.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- A multivalent mRNA vaccine elicits robust immune responses and confers protection in a murine model of monkeypox virus infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Influenza 5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers broad immunity and significantly enhances the efficacy of inactivated split vaccination when coadministered.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Adenovirus type 5-expressing Gn induces better protective immunity than Gc against SFTSV infection in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Beyond traditional vaccines: Semi-purified low-pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus-like particles and their promise for broiler immunity.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- A Novel Application of Virus Like Particles in the Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vaccine efficacy induced by virus-like particles containing Leishmania donovani surface glycoprotein GP63.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Hemagglutinin virus-like particles incorporated with membrane-bound cytokine adjuvants provide protection against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenge in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Article
- Protective mucosal and systemic immunity induced by virus-like particles expressing Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein.PloS one · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants: a comprehensive review on nanotechnological application insights into potential approaches.Applied nanoscience · 2023Review
- The production of Newcastle disease virus-like particles inFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Nanomedicine approaches to reduce cytokine storms in severe infections.Drug discovery today · 2022Review
- Cross-Protection Induced by Virus-like Particles Derived from the Influenza B Virus.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Sublingual Vaccination with Live Influenza Virus Induces Better Protection Than Oral Immunization in Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Influenza Virus-like Particle-Based Hybrid Vaccine Containing RBD Induces Immunity against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses.Vaccines · 2022Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus pose the threat of pandemic spread of lethal disease and make it a priority to develop safe and effective vaccines. Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) have been suggested to be a promising vaccine approach. However, VLP-induced immune responses, and their roles in inducing memory immune responses and cross-protective immunity have not been investigated. In this study, we developed VLPs containing influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix (M1) proteins and investigated their immunogenicity, long-term cross-protective efficacy, and effects on lung proinflammatory cytokines in mice. Intranasal immunization with VLPs containing HA induced high serum and mucosal antibody titers and neutralizing activity against PR8 and A/WSN/33 (H1N1) viruses. Mice immunized with VLPs containing HA showed little or no proinflammatory lung cytokines and were protected from a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted PR8 or WSN viruses even 5 months postimmunization. Influenza VLPs induced mucosal immunoglobulin G and cellular immune responses, which were reactivated rapidly upon virus challenge. Long-lived antibody-secreting cells were detected in the bone marrow of immunized mice. Immune sera administered intranasally were able to confer 100% protection from a lethal challenge with PR8 or WSN, which provides further evidence that anti-HA antibodies are primarily responsible for preventing infection. Taken together, these results indicate that nonreplicating influenza VLPs represent a promising strategy for the development of a safe and effective vaccine to control the spread of lethal influenza viruses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.