ArticleJournal of autoimmunity2006
T cell targeting and phagocytosis of apoptotic biliary epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Article in Journal of autoimmunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic-scale CAR-NK microrobots with programmable swarm navigation for targeted solid tumor therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Progress and prospects of gut microbiota-targeted therapy for primary biliary cholangitis.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Sjögren's syndrome-associated autoimmune liver disease: a real-world, 10-year retrospective study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Gas Plasma Technology Augments Ovalbumin Immunogenicity and OT-II T Cell Activation Conferring Tumor Protection in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- Apoptosis and apoptotic body: disease message and therapeutic target potentials.Bioscience reports · 2019Review
- Myeloid Cells and Chronic Liver Disease: a Comprehensive Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2018Review
- Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Tissue Epithelia: A Putative Role for Hepatocytes in Liver Efferocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Chronic Autoimmune Epithelitis in Sjögren's Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Comprehensive Review.Rheumatology and therapy · 2017Review
- Natural killer cells regulate T cell immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2015Article
- Primary biliary cirrhosis: From bench to bedside.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2015Review
- The coexistence of Sjögren's syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis: a comprehensive review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
- Mechanisms of tissue injury in autoimmune liver diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2014Review
- Role of cholangiocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis.Seminars in liver disease · 2014Review
- Molecular mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2014Review
- Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells engulf blebs from their apoptotic peers.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Article
- Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis: an overview of recent developments.Hepatology international · 2013Article
- The immunophysiology and apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells: primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2012Review
- Catalase and estradiol inhibit mitochondrial protein S-glutathionylation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2012Article
- Cutting-edge issues in primary biliary cirrhosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2012Review
- Immunoglobulin M levels inversely correlate with CD40 ligand promoter methylation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by loss of tolerance against ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial autoantigens followed by biliary and salivary gland epithelial cell (BEC and SGEC) destruction by autoreactive T cells. It is unclear why BECs and SGECs are targeted. Previous work demonstrated that the reduced form of the major PBC autoantigen predominated in apoptotic BECs and SGECs as opposed to an oxidized form in other apoptotic cells. This led to the hypothesis that presentation of novel self-peptides from phagocytosed apoptotic BECs might contribute to BEC targeting by autoreactive T cells. The effect of autoantigen redox status on self-peptide formation was examined along with the phagocytic ability of BECs. Oxidation of PBC autoantigens first was shown to be due to protein S-glutathionylation of lipoyllysine residues. Absence of protein S-glutathionylation generated novel self-peptides and affected T cell recognition of a lipoyllysine containing peptide. Liver biopsy staining revealed BEC phagocytosis of apoptotic BECs (3.74+/-2.90% of BEC) was present in PBC (7 of 7 cases) but not in normal livers (0 of 3). BECs have the ability to present novel mitochondrial self-peptides derived from phagocytosed apoptotic BECs. Apoptotic cell phagocytosis by non-professional phagocytes may influence the tissue specificity of autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.