Trial reportGenome biology2007
Sequential gene profiling of basal cell carcinomas treated with imiquimod in a placebo-controlled study defines the requirements for tissue rejection.
Trial report in Genome biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Transcriptomic profiles conducive to immune-mediated tumor rejection in human breast cancer skin metastases treated with Imiquimod.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Topical TLR7 agonist imiquimod can induce immune-mediated rejection of skin metastases in patients with breast cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2012Trial
- Gene expression profiling of cutaneous wound healing.Journal of translational medicine · 2007Trial
- The emerging role of TLR7-mediated signaling in respiratory viral infections and autoimmune diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells at the forefront of anti-cancer immunity: rewiring strategies for tumor microenvironment remodeling.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Shifting the paradigm: engaging multicellular networks for cancer therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Dysfunctional TLR1 reduces the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy by attenuating HMGB1-mediated antitumor immunity in locally advanced colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Barriers to immune cell infiltration in tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Enhancing anti-tumour innate immunity by targeting the DNA damage response and pattern recognition receptors in combination with radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- TLR1/2 Specific Small-Molecule Agonist Suppresses Leukemia Cancer Cell Growth by Stimulating Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2019Article
- Tailoring cells for clinical needs: Meeting report from the Advanced Therapy in Healthcare symposium (October 28-29 2017, Doha, Qatar).Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
- A Review on Imiquimod Therapy and Discussion on Optimal Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas.Clinical drug investigation · 2018Review
- The MAPK hypothesis: immune-regulatory effects of MAPK-pathway genetic dysregulations and implications for breast cancer immunotherapy.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2017Article
- Cancer immune resistance: can theories converge?Emerging topics in life sciences · 2017Article
- Single-cell mass cytometry and transcriptome profiling reveal the impact of graphene on human immune cells.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Topical treatment of melanoma metastases with imiquimod, plus administration of a cancer vaccine, promotes immune signatures in the metastases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Article
- Brucella spp. Lumazine Synthase Induces a TLR4-Mediated Protective Response against B16 Melanoma in Mice.PloS one · 2015Article
- Molecular pathways: toll-like receptors in the tumor microenvironment--poor prognosis or new therapeutic opportunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2013Review
- Synergy of topical toll-like receptor 7 agonist with radiation and low-dose cyclophosphamide in a mouse model of cutaneous breast cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImiquimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist capable of inducing complete clearance of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and other cutaneous malignancies. We hypothesized that the characterization of the early transcriptional events induced by imiquimod may provide insights about immunological events preceding acute tissue and/or tumor rejection.
resultsWe report a paired analysis of adjacent punch biopsies obtained pre- and post-treatment from 36 patients with BCC subjected to local application of imiquimod (n = 22) or vehicle cream (n = 14) in a blinded, randomized protocol. Four treatments were assessed (q12 applications for 2 or 4 days, or q24 hours for 4 or 8 days). RNA was amplified and hybridized to 17.5 K cDNA arrays. All treatment schedules similarly affected the transcriptional profile of BCC; however, the q12 x 4 days regimen, associated with highest effectiveness, induced the most changes, with 637 genes unequivocally stimulated by imiquimod. A minority of transcripts (98 genes) confirmed previous reports of interferon-alpha involvement. The remaining 539 genes portrayed additional immunological functions predominantly involving the activation of cellular innate and adaptive immune-effector mechanisms. Importantly, these effector signatures recapitulate previous observations of tissue rejection in the context of cancer immunotherapy, acute allograft rejection and autoimmunity.
conclusionThis study, based on a powerful and reproducible model of cancer eradication by innate immune mechanisms, provides the first insights in humans into the early transcriptional events associated with immune rejection. This model is likely representative of constant immunological pathways through which innate and adaptive immune responses combine to induce tissue destruction.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.