ArticleMolecular genetics and genomics : MGG2007
Heterogeneity in expression of the Escherichia coli colicin K activity gene cka is controlled by the SOS system and stochastic factors.
Article in Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specialized Listeria monocytogenes produce tailocins to provide a population-level competitive growth advantage.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Estimating mutation rates under heterogeneous stress responses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity in the spontaneous induction of the promoter of the ColE9 operon in Escherichia coli.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Single-molecule imaging of LexA degradation in Escherichia coli elucidates regulatory mechanisms and heterogeneity of the SOS response.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Beyond horizontal gene transfer: the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Bacterial phenotypic heterogeneity in DNA repair and mutagenesis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- Article
- The SOS Response Mediates Sustained Colonization of the Mammalian Gut.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- CsrA and its regulators control the time-point of ColicinE2 release in Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Bet-hedging in bacteriocin producing Escherichia coli populations: the single cell perspective.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Hierarchical Post-transcriptional Regulation of Colicin E2 Expression in Escherichia coli.PLoS computational biology · 2016Article
- A functional perspective on phenotypic heterogeneity in microorganisms.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Amount of colicin release in Escherichia coli is regulated by lysis gene expression of the colicin E2 operon.PloS one · 2015Article
- Bacteriocin expression in sessile and planktonic populations of Escherichia coli.The Journal of antibiotics · 2015Article
- Reporters for Single-Cell Analysis of Colicin Ib Expression in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.PloS one · 2015Article
- Detection of induced synthesis of colicin E9 using ColE9p::gfpmut2 based reporter system.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2014Article
- Inflammation fuels colicin Ib-dependent competition of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and E. coli in enterobacterial blooms.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Interconversion between bound and free conformations of LexA orchestrates the bacterial SOS response.Nucleic acids research · 2011Article
- Genes regulated by the Escherichia coli SOS repressor LexA exhibit heterogeneous expression.BMC microbiology · 2010Article
- The role of SOS boxes in enteric bacteriocin regulation.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2008Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity provides populations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with the flexibility required to adapt to and/or survive environmental perturbations. Consequently, there is much interest in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of heterogeneity. A classical example of heterogeneity in Escherichia coli is the subset (3%) of the population that expresses the colicin K activity gene (cka) upon nutrient starvation. Here, we report on the mechanism underlying this variable response. As colicin synthesis is regulated by the LexA protein, the central regulator of the SOS response, we focused on the role of LexA and the SOS system in the variable cka expression. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the SOS system, without exogenous DNA damage, induces moderate levels of cka expression. The use of cka-gfp fusions demonstrated that modification of the conserved LexA boxes in the cka promoter region affected LexA binding affinity and the percentage of cka-gfp expressing cells in the population. A lexA-gfp fusion showed that the lexA gene is highly expressed in a subset of bacteria. Furthermore, cka-gfp fusions cloned into higher copy plasmid vectors increased the percentage of cka-gfp positive bacteria. Together, these results indicate that the bistability in cka expression in the bacterial population is determined by (1) basal SOS activity, (2) stochastic factors and possibly (3) the interplay of LexA dimers at cka operator. Other LexA regulated processes could exhibit similar regulation.
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