ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2007
Rapid, real-time detection of acute HIV infection in patients in Africa.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Diagnosing acute and prevalent HIV-1 infection in young African adults seeking care for fever: a systematic review and audit of current practice.International health · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission Among Persons With Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Sustained Sexual Behavior Change After Acute HIV Diagnosis in Malawi.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Trial
- Geospatial and phylogenetic clustering of acute and recent HIV infections in Lilongwe, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- A handheld HIV detection platform using paper-based sample preparation and real-time isothermal amplification.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2024Article
- HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa: Highest burden, largest challenges, greatest potential.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- A Novel HIV-1 RNA Testing Intervention to Detect Acute and Prevalent HIV Infection in Young Adults and Reduce HIV Transmission in Kenya: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Antiretrovirals and a Behavioral Intervention for Persons With Acute HIV Infection: Opportunity for Interrupting Transmission.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- A Cohort Approach to Real-Time Detection of Acute HIV Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Discordant rapid HIV tests: lessons from a low-resource community.HIV medicine · 2018Article
- IP-10 Levels as an Accurate Screening Tool to Detect Acute HIV Infection in Resource-Limited Settings.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Clinical and public health implications of acute and early HIV detection and treatment: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Gender asymmetry in concurrent partnerships and HIV prevalence.Epidemics · 2017Article
- Performance of HIV Rapid Tests Among Breastfeeding, Malawian Infants.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2017Article
- Incorporating Acute HIV Screening into Routine HIV Testing at Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinics, and HIV Testing and Counseling Centers in Lilongwe, Malawi.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Ten Years of Screening and Testing for Acute HIV Infection in North Carolina.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- The HIV treatment cascade in acutely infected people: informing global guidelines.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2015Review
- Determination of HIV Status in African Adults With Discordant HIV Rapid Tests.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe conducted a prospective study to evaluate methods of detecting clients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) who were acutely coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Lilongwe, Malawi.
methodsAfter informed consent was obtained, all clients with acute STDs were offered voluntary HIV counseling and testing by 2 rapid antibody tests. Samples from rapid test-negative or -discordant subjects were pooled (50 : 5 : 1) and tested for HIV RNA. Western blots were performed on all rapid test-discordant specimens with detectable HIV RNA. A subset of specimens received p24 antigen testing with standard and/or ultrasensitive methods. Patients with possible acute HIV infection were followed to confirm seroconversion.
resultsA total of 1450 clients (34% female and 66% male) agreed to testing, of whom 588 (40.55%) had established HIV infection and 21 (1.45%) had acute infection. Discordant rapid antibody tests identified 7 of 21 (33.3% sensitivity), standard p24 antigen identified 12 of 16 (75% sensitivity), and ultrasensitive p24 antigen identified 15 of 17 (88% sensitivity) acute cases. By definition, the sensitivity of the RNA assay was 100%.
conclusionsReal-time pooled RNA testing for the detection of acute HIV infection is feasible in resource-limited settings. However, parallel rapid testing and p24 antigen testing are technologically simpler and together may detect approximately 90% of acute cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17205481What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.