ArticleMolecular and biochemical parasitology2007
Protein phosphatase 2A plays a crucial role in Giardia lamblia differentiation.
Article in Molecular and biochemical parasitology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mlf mediates proteotoxic response via formation of cellular foci for protein folding and degradation in Giardia.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in the tetraploid protistOpen biology · 2022Article
- Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Parasite protein phosphatases: biological function, virulence, and host immune evasion.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- Disc-associated proteins mediate the unusual hyperstability of the ventral disc inJournal of cell science · 2020Article
- Microtubule organelles in Giardia.Advances in parasitology · 2020Review
- Multiple paralogues of α-SNAP in Giardia lamblia exhibit independent subcellular localization and redistribution during encystation and stress.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Calcium-binding proteins that are type B″ regulatory subunits of phosphatase 2A in Giardia intestinalis.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Differential protein expression and post-translational modifications in metronidazole-resistant Giardia duodenalis.GigaScience · 2018Article
- 'Disc-o-Fever': Getting Down with Giardia's Groovy Microtubule Organelle.Trends in cell biology · 2018Review
- Article
- Glucosylceramide transferase in Giardia preferentially catalyzes the synthesis of galactosylceramide during encystation.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2017Article
- Sphingolipids, Lipid Rafts, and Giardial Encystation: The Show Must Go On.Current tropical medicine reports · 2015Article
- Probing the Biology of Giardia intestinalis Mitosomes Using In Vivo Enzymatic Tagging.Molecular and cellular biology · 2015Article
- Trans-spliced heat shock protein 90 modulates encystation in Giardia lamblia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Giardia intestinalis incorporates heme into cytosolic cytochrome b₅.Eukaryotic cell · 2014Article
- The Giardia cell cycle progresses independently of the anaphase-promoting complex.Journal of cell science · 2013Article
- The proteome landscape of Giardia lamblia encystation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Nuclear inheritance and genetic exchange without meiosis in the binucleate parasite Giardia intestinalis.Journal of cell science · 2012Article
- Molecular expression and characterization of a novel protein phosphatase 2A gene from Clonorchis sinensis.Parasitology research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of Giardia lamblia to undergo two distinct differentiations in response to physiologic stimuli is central to its pathogenesis. The giardial cytoskeleton changes drastically during encystation and excystation. However, the signal transduction pathways mediating these transformations are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that PP2A, a highly conserved serine/threonine protein phosphatase, might be important in giardial differentiation. We found that in vegetatively growing trophozoites, gPP2A-C protein localizes to basal bodies/centrosomes, and to cytoskeletal structures unique to Giardia: the ventral disk, and the dense rods of the anterior, posterior-lateral, and caudal flagella. During encystation, gPP2A-C protein disappears from only the anterior flagellar dense rods. During excystation, gPP2A-C localizes to the cyst wall in excysting cysts but is not found in the wall of cysts with emerging excyzoites. Transcriptome and immunoblot analyses indicated that gPP2A-C mRNA and protein are upregulated in mature cysts and during the early stage of excystation that models passage through the host stomach. Stable expression of gPP2A-C antisense RNA did not affect vegetative growth, but strongly inhibited the formation of encystation secretory vesicles (ESV) and water-resistant cysts. Moreover, the few cysts that formed were highly defective in excystation. Thus, gPP2A-C localizes to universal cytoskeletal structures and to structures unique to Giardia. It is also important for encystation and excystation, crucial giardial transformations that entail entry into and exit from dormancy.
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