ArticleBMC health services research2007
Protocol for the smoking, nicotine and pregnancy (SNAP) trial: double-blind, placebo-randomised, controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.
Article in BMC health services research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Potential effects of using non-combustible tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2020Pooled it
- Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic critical review of previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation during pregnancy.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Factors associated with smoking cessation in early and late pregnancy in the smoking, nicotine, and pregnancy trial: a trial of nicotine replacement therapy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Nicotine dependence and biochemical exposure measures in the second trimester of pregnancy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Predictors of adverse events among pregnant smokers exposed in a nicotine replacement therapy trial.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Trial
- Article
- Interest in and Use of Smoking Cessation Support Across Pregnancy and Postpartum.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Longitudinal cohort survey of women's smoking behaviour and attitudes in pregnancy: study methods and baseline data.BMJ open · 2014Article
- Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: a critical review.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2010Review
- Physical activity as an aid to smoking cessation during pregnancy: two feasibility studies.BMC public health · 2008Article
- Recommendations for the use of pharmacological smoking cessation strategies in pregnant women.CNS drugs · 2007Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking in pregnancy remains a public health challenge. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for smoking cessation in non-pregnant people, but because women metabolise nicotine and cotinine much faster in pregnancy, it is unclear whether this will be effective for smoking cessation in pregnancy. The NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme (HTA)-funded smoking, nicotine and pregnancy (SNAP) trial will investigate whether or not nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective, cost-effective and safe when used for smoking cessation by pregnant women. METHODS/
designOver two years, in 5 trial centres, 1050 pregnant women who are between 12 and 24 weeks pregnant will be randomised as they attend hospital for ante-natal ultrasound scans. Women will receive either nicotine or placebo transdermal patches with behavioural support. The primary outcome measure is biochemically-validated, self-reported, prolonged and total abstinence from smoking between a quit date (defined before randomisation and set within two weeks of this) and delivery. At six months after childbirth self-reported maternal smoking status will be ascertained and two years after childbirth, self-reported maternal smoking status and the behaviour, cognitive development and respiratory symptoms of children born in the trial will be compared in both groups. DISCUSSION: This trial is designed to ascertain whether or not standard doses of NRT (as transdermal patches) are effective and safe when used for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.