Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17200656›Full record

ArticleMolecular vision2006

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein gene structure in tetrapods and teleost fish.

John M Nickerson, Ruth A Frey, Vincent T Ciavatta, Deborah L Stenkamp

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular vision, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Bacterial origin of a key innovation in the evolution of the vertebrate eye.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein; myths and mysteries.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2012
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Evolution and the origin of the visual retinoid cycle in vertebrates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2009
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

John M NickersonOphthalmology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. litjn@emory.edu
Ruth A Frey
Vincent T Ciavatta
Deborah L Stenkamp
Emory University · US

Funding

IRACDA Fellowships in Research and Science Training (FIRST)K12GM000680 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BROWN, LOU ANN S, MCCARTY, NAEL A · 2000 to 2024
$41.2M
P30-Core Grant for Vision Research Core CP30EY006360 · NEI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GROSSNIKLAUS, HANS E. · 1986 to 2025
$15.3M
Transscleral Drug Delivery for Retinal DisordersR24EY017045 · NEI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI EDELHAUSER, HENRY FRANCIS · 2006 to 2010
$6.9M
Patterning Genes in Retinal DevelopmentR01EY012146 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO · PI Deborah L Stenkamp · 2004 to 2026
$6.7M
Gene Delivery in Retinal DiseasesR01EY016470 · NEI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI NICKERSON, JOHN M · 2006 to 2015
$3.2M
Genoplasty in Ocular Gene TherapyR03EY013986 · NEI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI NICKERSON, JOHN M · 2002 to 2004
$456k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY006360NEI NIH HHS P30EY006360NEI NIH HHS R01 EY012146NEI NIH HHS R01EY012146NEI NIH HHS R01 EY016470NEI NIH HHS R01EY016470NEI NIH HHS R03 EY013986NEI NIH HHS R03EY013986NEI NIH HHS R24 EY017045NEI NIH HHS R24EY017045NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM000680NIGMS NIH HHS K12GM000680Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) gene possesses an unusual structure, encoding multiple Repeats, each consisting of about 300 amino acids. Our goals were to gain insight into the function of IRBP, and to test the current model for the evolution of IRBP, in which Repeats were replicated from a simpler ancestral gene.

methodsWe employed a bioinformatics approach to analyze IRBP loci in recently completed or near-complete genome sequences of several vertebrates and nonvertebrate chordates. IRBP gene expression in zebrafish was evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ mRNA hybridizations with gene-specific probes.

resultsPatterns of exons and introns in the IRBP genes of tetrapods were highly similar, as were predicted amino acid sequences and Repeat structures. IRBP gene structure in teleost fish was more variable, and we report a new gene structure for two species, the Japanese puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio). These teleost genomes contain a two-gene IRBP locus arranged head-to-tail in which the first gene, Gene 1, is intronless and contains a single large exon encoding three complete Repeats. It is followed by a second gene, Gene 2, which corresponds to the previously reported gene consisting of two Repeats spread across four exons and three introns. Each of the two zebrafish genes is transcribed. Gene 2 is expressed in the photoreceptors and RPE, and Gene 1 is expressed in the inner nuclear layer and weakly in the ganglion cell layer.

conclusionsThe tetrapod IRBP gene structure is highly conserved while the teleost fish gene structure was a surprise: It appears to be a two-gene locus with distinct Repeat organization in each open reading frame. This gene structure and gene expression data are consistent with possible neofunctionalization or sub-function partitioning of Gene 1 and Gene 2 in the zebrafish. We suggest that the two-gene locus in teleost fish arose as a consequence of either the known whole genome duplication or single gene tandem duplication.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnuraBase SequenceChickensChordataChromosome MappingConserved SequenceExonsEye ProteinsFishesHumansIntronsMammalsMolecular Sequence DataOpen Reading FramesPhotoreceptor CellsEye ProteinsRetinol-Binding ProteinsRetinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial

Identifiers

PMID17200656
PMCPMC2898515
OpenAlexW1531998857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.