ArticleBMC neuroscience2007
Evidence for a wide extra-astrocytic distribution of S100B in human brain.
Article in BMC neuroscience, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Utility of Maternal Blood S100B in Women with Suspected or Established Preeclampsia-A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Postmortem evidence of brain inflammatory markers in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating S100B blood levels in schizophrenia.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Elevated serum levels of the glial marker protein S100B are not specific for schizophrenia or mood disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2009Pooled it
- Trial
- CSF-S100B Is a Potential Candidate Biomarker for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.BioMed research international · 2018Trial
- S100B Serum Levels Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Quantitative analysis of intrarenal nerve-associated profiles in the human foetal kidney between 14 and 30 gestational weeks: An S100 immunohistochemical study.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- From case-control averages to validated subgroups: Interpreting inflammatory and neuroaxonal-injury biomarkers in schizophrenia and major depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Constellations of Thought: Astrocytic Contributions to Cognition Across Rodent Models of Brain Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Multi-dimensional plasma proteomic profiling elucidates molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological networks in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Special characteristics of human astrocytes and their roles in brain homeostasis.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Impairment and Neuroinflammation are Associated With Target Organ Damage in SHRSP.Physiological research · 2025Article
- Engineered 3D immuno-glial-neurovascular human miBrain model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Influence of Calcium Ions on the Membrane Binding of S100B Protein.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Effect on Different Glial Cell Types of S100B Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Conductive MeCbl/PEDOT:PSS/HA hydrogels with electrical stimulation for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Gastrodin inhibits reactive astrocyte-mediated inflammation in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage through S100B/RAGE-Smad3 signaling.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus-A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Inferior Colliculus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Deep clinical, genetic, and serum biomarker profiling indicates glial and neuronal pathology in primary brain calcification.Brain communications · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundS100B is considered an astrocytic in-situ marker and protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum are often used as biomarker for astrocytic damage or dysfunction. However, studies on S100B in the human brain are rare. Thus, the distribution of S100B was studied by immunohistochemistry in adult human brains to evaluate its cell-type specificity.
resultsContrary to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which selectively labels astrocytes and shows only faint ependymal immunopositivity, a less uniform staining pattern was seen in the case of S100B. Cells with astrocytic morphology were primarily stained by S100B in the human cortex, while only 20% (14-30%) or 14% (7-35%) of all immunopositive cells showed oligodendrocytic morphology in the dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortices, respectively. In the white matter, however, most immunostained cells resembled oligodendrocytes [frontal: 75% (57-85%); temporal: 73% (59-87%); parietal: 79% (62-89%); corpus callosum: 93% (86-97%)]. S100B was also found in ependymal cells, the choroid plexus epithelium, vascular endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and several neurones. Anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabelling showed an association of S100B with myelinated fibres, whereas GFAP double staining revealed a distinct subpopulation of cells with astrocytic morphology, which solely expressed S100B but not GFAP. Some of these cells showed co-localization of S100B and A2B5 and may be characterized as O2A glial progenitor cells. However, S100B was not detected in microglial cells, as revealed by double-immunolabelling with HLA-DR.
conclusionS100B is localized in many neural cell-types and is less astrocyte-specific than GFAP. These are important results in order to avoid misinterpretation in the identification of normal and pathological cell types in situ and in clinical studies since S100B is continuously used as an astrocytic marker in animal models and various human diseases.
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