ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2007
Protein hormones and immunity.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of isolated, confined and extreme environments on parameters of the immune system - a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Biphasic effects of moderate drinking on prolactin during lactation.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2008Trial
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of a color polyphenism by genetic accommodation in the tobacco hornworm,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Growth Hormone Alleviates Atherosclerosis Through Regulating the Activity of PI3K/AKT Pathway: Insights From Single-Cell Sequence and Mechanism Exploration.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- From macro to micro: slow-wave sleep and its pivotal health implications.Frontiers in sleep · 2024Review
- Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Scientific Understanding of the Disease.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2023Review
- Toxic Effects of Endocrine Disruptor Exposure on Collagen-Induced Arthritis.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Effectiveness Assessment of a Modified Preservation Solution Containing Thyrotropin or Follitropin Based on Biochemical Analysis in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Static Cold Storage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Pleiotropic Effect of Hormone Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Immune Response and Pathogenesis in Leishmaniases.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
- CXCL12-driven thymocyte migration is increased by thymic epithelial cells treated with prolactinJournal of biosciences · 2021Article
- Cellular sociology regulates the hierarchical spatial patterning and organization of cells in organisms.Open biology · 2020Review
- Interaction between inflammation and metabolism in periparturient dairy cows.Journal of animal science · 2020Article
- Treatment of growth hormone attenuates hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemic mice via downregulation of hepatic CD36 expression.Animal cells and systems · 2020Article
- Associations betweenAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion.BMC immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Effect of Mongolian Medicine RuXian-I on Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland Induced by Estrogen/Progesterone through CRYAB-Promoted Apoptosis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease.Physiological reviews · 2019Review
- Novel Splicing of Immune System Thyroid Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit-Genetic Regulation and Biological Importance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Psychoneuroimmunology-developments in stress research.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2018Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A number of observations and discoveries over the past 20 years support the concept of important physiological interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. The best known pathway for transmission of information from the immune system to the neuroendocrine system is humoral in the form of cytokines, although neural transmission via the afferent vagus is well documented also. In the other direction, efferent signals from the nervous system to the immune system are conveyed by both the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Communication is possible because the nervous and immune systems share a common biochemical language involving shared ligands and receptors, including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, growth factors, neuroendocrine hormones and cytokines. This means that the brain functions as an immune-regulating organ participating in immune responses. A great deal of evidence has accumulated and confirmed that hormones secreted by the neuroendocrine system play an important role in communication and regulation of the cells of the immune system. Among protein hormones, this has been most clearly documented for prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), but significant influences on immunity by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have also been demonstrated. Here we review evidence obtained during the past 20 years to clearly demonstrate that neuroendocrine protein hormones influence immunity and that immune processes affect the neuroendocrine system. New findings highlight a previously undiscovered route of communication between the immune and endocrine systems that is now known to occur at the cellular level. This communication system is activated when inflammatory processes induced by proinflammatory cytokines antagonize the function of a variety of hormones, which then causes endocrine resistance in both the periphery and brain. Homeostasis during inflammation is achieved by a balance between cytokines and endocrine hormones.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.