Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17194191›Full record

SynthesisPLoS medicine2006

Tuberculosis among health-care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Rajnish Joshi, Arthur L Reingold, Dick Menzies, Madhukar Pai

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PLoS medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02355223 (Finding and Treating Unsuspected and Resistant TB to Reduce Hospital Transmission), which is not on this map. Cited by 238 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
238citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02355223 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Finding and Treating Unsuspected and Resistant TB to Reduce Hospital Transmission

TypeinterventionalSponsorBrigham and Women's HospitalRan2016 to 2020Enrolled11,060ConditionsTuberculosisArmsFAST
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

238 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 606 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Ultrasensitive Enzyme-Free Detection of Proteins on Magnetic Beads.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Rajnish JoshiDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Arthur L Reingold
Dick Menzies
Madhukar Pai
McGill University · CAMahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences · INUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)/University of *D43TW000003 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI REINGOLD, ARTHUR L · 1988 to 2013
$16.7M
FIC NIH HHS 1-D-43-TW00003-17FIC NIH HHS D43 TW000003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe risk of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients to health-care workers (HCWs) is a neglected problem in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most health-care facilities in these countries lack resources to prevent nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB). METHODS AND

findingsWe conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and disease among HCWs in LMICs, and to evaluate the impact of various preventive strategies that have been attempted. To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic databases and journals, and contacted experts in the field. We identified 42 articles, consisting of 51 studies, and extracted data on incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for LTBI and disease among HCWs. The prevalence of LTBI among HCWs was, on average, 54% (range 33% to 79%). Estimates of the annual risk of LTBI ranged from 0.5% to 14.3%, and the annual incidence of TB disease in HCWs ranged from 69 to 5,780 per 100,000. The attributable risk for TB disease in HCWs, compared to the risk in the general population, ranged from 25 to 5,361 per 100,000 per year. A higher risk of acquiring TB disease was associated with certain work locations (inpatient TB facility, laboratory, internal medicine, and emergency facilities) and occupational categories (radiology technicians, patient attendants, nurses, ward attendants, paramedics, and clinical officers).

conclusionsIn summary, our review demonstrates that TB is a significant occupational problem among HCWs in LMICs. Available evidence reinforces the need to design and implement simple, effective, and affordable TB infection-control programs in health-care facilities in these countries.

Indexed as

Allied Health PersonnelDeveloping CountriesGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceOccupational DiseasesPrevalenceRisk FactorsStudents, MedicalStudents, NursingTuberculin TestTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID17194191
PMCPMC1716189
OpenAlexW2062156175

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.