ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2006
Early environmental exposures and intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in 24-month-old children living in an agricultural area.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory and Allergic Effects in Children Exposed to Pesticides-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Association between exposure to pesticides and allergic diseases in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Jornal de pediatriaPooled it
- Insecticide use and risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.Arthritis care & research · 2011Trial
- T-Cell Populations in Infancy After Maternal Probiotic Supplementation to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
- Associations between the infant gut microbiota and the living environment.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
- From Womb to World: Unravelling the Microbiota's Impact on Health and Disease.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Association of pyrethroids exposure with asthma in US children and adolescents: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Gas stove use and asthma in a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican children and adolescents.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Article
- The Association Between Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Metabolites and Asthma-Related Outcomes Among Schoolchildren From Informal Settlements.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Synergistic action of organophosphates and COVID-19 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system can amplify the risk of cardiovascular maladies.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2022Article
- Respiratory and allergic health effects in children living near agriculture: A review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and children's health in the United States: Consideration of physical and social environments during the pandemic.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Immunotoxic role of organophosphates: An unseen risk escalating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2021Review
- Imidacloprid inhibits IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.Asia Pacific allergy · 2016Article
- Environmental exposure to pesticides and respiratory health.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2015Review
- A cross sectional analysis of behaviors related to operating gas stoves and pneumonia in U.S. children under the age of 5.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2015Article
- Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine.Environmental health perspectives · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren who reside in agricultural settings are potentially exposed to higher levels of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, endotoxin, and allergens than their urban counterparts. Endotoxin and allergens stimulate maturation of the immune response in early childhood, but little is known about the effect of exposures to OPs or to the three combined.
objectivesIn this study, we investigated the relationships between these exposures and T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, biomarkers of allergic asthma, in the subjects of CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas), a longitudinal birth cohort in Salinas Valley, California. Exposures were ascertained by interviewer-administered questionnaires and by home visits, and clinical diagnoses were abstracted from medical records. Blood samples were collected at 12 and 24 months of age and analyzed for Th1/Th2 status by flow cytometric detection of intracellular interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 cytokine expression.
findingsMean Th2 levels were significantly higher in children with doctor-diagnosed asthma and children with wheezing at 2 years of age. In a multiple linear regression model, exclusive breast-feeding at 1 month and pet ownership were associated with 35.3% (p < 0.01) and 34.5% (p = 0.01) increases in Th1, respectively. Maternal agricultural work and presence of gas stove in the home were associated with a 25.9% increase (p = 0.04) and 46.5% increase (p < 0.01) in Th2, respectively.
conclusionsAsthma and wheeze outcomes in children at 24 months of age are associated with elevated Th2 status in children at an early age. Our data further suggest that early exposures to an agricultural environment, breast-feeding, pets, and gas stoves affect the development of children's Th1/Th2 immune response.
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