ReviewJournal of epidemiology and community health2007
Do places affect the probability of death in Australia? A multilevel study of area-level disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position and all-cause mortality, 1998-2000.
Review in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Residential Socio-Demographic Scoring and Child Growth.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Outcomes for Medicaid Patients with Colorectal Cancer Are Improved in Affluent Neighborhoods, but Disparities Persist.Cancers · 2025Article
- Article
- How does area-level deprivation depress an individual's self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Disparities by Age, Sex, Tumor Stage, Diagnosis Path, and Area-level Socioeconomic Status in Survival Time for Major Cancers: Results from the Busan Cancer Registry.Journal of Korean medical science · 2017Article
- Associations of cause-specific mortality with area level deprivation and travel time to health care in France from 1990 to 2007, a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Neighborhood Sociodemographics and Change in Built Infrastructure.Journal of urbanism · 2017Article
- A socioeconomic related 'digital divide' exists in how, not if, young people use computers.PloS one · 2017Article
- Inequalities in mortality by socioeconomic factors and Roma ethnicity in the two biggest cities in Slovakia: a multilevel analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2015Article
- Quality of life and socio-dental impact among underprivileged Brazilian adolescents.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2015Article
- Individual- and area-level effects on mortality risk in Germany, both East and West, among male Germans aged 65+.International journal of public health · 2014Article
- Acute coronary syndrome in Australia: Where are we now and where are we going?The Australasian medical journal · 2014Review
- Influence of municipal- and individual-level socioeconomic conditions on mortality in Japan.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- Mortality after admission for acute myocardial infarction in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in New South Wales, Australia: a multilevel data linkage study.BMC public health · 2012Article
- A review of spatial methods in epidemiology, 2000-2010.Annual review of public health · 2012Review
- Geographic remoteness and risk of advanced colorectal cancer at diagnosis in Queensland: a multilevel study.British journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Association between area-level socioeconomic deprivation and a cluster of behavioural risk factors: cross-sectional, population-based study.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Australia, studies finding an association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and mortality are often based on aggregate-ecological designs which confound area-level and individual-level sources of socioeconomic variation. Area-level socioeconomic differences in mortality therefore may be an artefact of varying population compositions and not the characteristics of areas as such.
objectiveTo examine the associations between area-level disadvantage and all-cause mortality before and after adjustment for within-area variation in individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) using unlinked census and mortality-register data in a multilevel context. Setting, participants and
designThe study covers the total Australian continent for the period 1998-2000 and is based on decedents aged 25-64 years (n = 43,257). The socioeconomic characteristics of statistical local areas (SLA, n = 1317) were measured using an index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage, and individual-level SEP was measured by occupation.
resultsLiving in a disadvantaged SLA was associated with higher all-cause mortality after adjustment for within-SLA variation in occupation. Death rates were highest for blue-collar workers and lowest among white-collar employees. Cross-level interactions showed no convincing evidence that SLA disadvantage modified the extent of inequality in mortality between the occupation groups.
conclusionsMultilevel analysis can be used to examine area variation in mortality using unlinked census and mortality data, therefore making it less necessary to use aggregate-ecological designs. In Australia, area-level and individual-level socioeconomic factors make an independent contribution to the probability of premature mortality. Policies and interventions to improve population health and reduce mortality inequalities should focus on places as well as people.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.